A Comparative Study on the Chemical Constituents of Four Libyan Herbs: Mentha Piperita, Matricaria Chamomile L, Rosmarinus Officinalis L, and Thymus Vulgaris
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37375/sjfssu.v4i2.2810Keywords:
Mentha, Chamomile, Rosmarinus, Thymus, Heavy MetalsAbstract
The chemical compositions of four medicinal plants grown in Libya, specifically Mentha, Chamomile, Rosmarinus, and Thymus, have been identified. The levels of ten macro-metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg), essential heavy metals (Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn), and toxic metals (Cd, Pb) were analyzed. Wet digestion was used to dissolve the samples, and the levels of macro-metals, essential metals, and toxic metals were measured with a flame photometer and flame atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. The investigation revealed the following results (in mg/kg): Ca ranged from 2009.20 to 6184.20; Mg from 2145 to 3479; Fe from 155.36 to 370.95; Cr from 23.71 to 73.91; Cu from 6.31 to 23.71; Zn from 9.23 to 27.32; Pb from 0.14 to 0.30; Cd from 0.02 to 0.09. Cadmium and lead concentrations in Thymus and Rosmarinus were found to be lower the detection limits of flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The moisture levels varied from 9.95% in Rosmarinus to 14.43% in Menthe, while the total ash amounts are still pending. Additionally, the phytochemical properties of the plant leaves were evaluated through a screening process. The results of this research revealed the existence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and saponins.
References
Abu-Darwish, M.S., Abu-Dieyeh, Z.H.M. 2009. Essential oil content and heavy metals composition of Thymus vulgaris cultivated in various climatic regions of Jordan. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 11, 59-63
Alkherraz, A.M., Hashad, O.M., Elsherif, K.M. 2019. Heavy metals contents in some commercially available coffee, tea, and cocoa samples in Misurata city – Libya. Prog. Chem. Biochem. Res. 2(3), 99-107
Bukva, M., Kapo, D., Huseinbašić, N., Gojak-Salimović, S., Huremović, J. 2019. Iron content in fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices samples marketed in sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Kem. Ind. 68 (7-8), 281–287. doi: https://doi.org/10.15255/KUI.2019.001
de Oliveira, J.R., Camargo, S.E.A., de Oliveira, L.D. 2019. Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) as therapeutic and prophylactic agent. J. Biomed. Sci. 26 (5), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-019-0499-8
Dghaim, R., Al Khatib, S., Rasool, H., Khan, M.A. 2015a. Determination of heavy metals concentration in traditional herbs commonly consumed in the United Arab Emirates J. Environ. Public Health. 2015, 973878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/973878
Dghaim, R., Khatib, S. A., Rasool, H., Khan, M. A. 2015b. Determination of heavy metals concentration in traditional herbs commonly consumed in the United Arab Emirates. J. Environ. Public Health. 2015, 1–6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/973878
Dinu, C., Gheorghe, S., Tenea, A.G., Stoica, C., Vasile, G.-G., Popescu, R.L., Serban, E.A., Pascu, L.F. 2021. Toxic metals (As, Cd, Ni, Pb) impact in the most common medicinal plant (Mentha piperita). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 18,3904. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083904
Elbagermi, M.A., Haleem, A.B., Elsherif, K.M. 2020. Evaluation of essential and heavy metal levels in pasteurized and long-life cow milk. Int. J. Adv. Chem., 8(1), 6-14.
Elsherif, K.M., Aljaroushi, A.M. 2021. Biochemical properties evaluation of some Libyan dates. Chem. Rev. Lett., 4(4), 213-220. https://doi.org/10.22034/CRL.2021.252938.1057.
Elsherif, K.M., Kuss, H.M. 2012. Direct and simultaneous determination of bismuth, antimony, and lead in biological samples by multi-element electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer. Der Chem. Sin., 3(3), 727-736
Elsherif, K.M., Abu Khater, R.A., Hegaig, F.A. 2017. Determination of major and minor elements in dairy products produced in Misurata city – Libya. Maghrebian J. Pure Appl. Sci. 3 (2), 9- 17.
Elsherif, K.M., Ewlad-Ahmed, A.M., Alhlbad, E.A.A., Iqneebir, A.M. 2023a. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant capacity measurement, and mineral content determination of Thymus vulgaris L. extracts. Walisongo J. Chem., 6(2), 168-180. https://doi.org/10.21580/wjc.v6i2.17818
Elsherif, K.M., Sulaiman, M.A., Mlitan, A. 2023b. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Urtica urens leaves from Msallata, Libya. Med. J. Chem., 13(3), 299-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc02310181757elsherif
Elsherif, K.M.M., Alhlbad, E.A.A., Ewlad-Ahmed, A.M. 2023c. Chemical screening, antioxidant activity, and mineral profiling of Rosmarinus officinalis L. from Msallata Region (Libya). Sci. J. Fac. Sci.-Sirte Univ., 3(2), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.37375/sjfssu.v3i2.1543.
Elsherif, K.M.M., Ewlad-Ahmed, A.M., Alhlbad, E.A.A. 2023d. Evaluation of some chemical and biochemical constituents in Ocimum basilicum available in Msallata City, Libya. Adv. J. Chem.-Section B, 5(2), 197-212. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22186/ajchemb.v5i2.987
Figas, A., Tomaszewska-Sowa, M., Kobierski, M., Sawilska, A.K., Klimkowska, K. 2021. Hazard of contamination with heavy metals in thymus serpyllum L. herbs from rural areas. Agric. 11, 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040375
Gupta, U.C., Gupta, S.C. 2014. Sources and deficiency diseases of mineral nutrients in human health and nutrition: A review. Pedosphere. 24, 13–38.
Helal, M.H., Badr, S.E.A., AbedElaaty, S.A. 2021. Chemical characterization, antioxidant, anticancer and hypolipidimic activities of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Nutr. Res. Food Sci. J. 4(2), 1-8.
Iordache, A.M., Nechita, C., Voica, C., Roba, C., Botoran, O.R., Ionete, R.E. 2022. Assessing the health risk and the metal content of thirty-four plant essential oils using the ICP-MS technique. Nutr. 14, 2363. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122363
Iqbal, E., AbuSalim, K., Lim, L.B.L. 2015. Phytochemical screening, total phenolics and antioxidant activities of bark and leaf extracts of Goniothalamus velutinus (Airy Shaw) from Brunei Darussalam. J. King Saud Univ., Sci. 27 (3), 224-232
Mandal, Š. 2021. Essential and heavy metals content in wild and cultivated mentha species from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kem. Ind. 70 (7-8), 393-400. https://doi.org/10.15255/KUI.2020.067
Mezzaroba, L., Alfieri, D.F., Simão, A.N.C., Reiche, E.M.V. 2019. The role of zinc, copper, manganese and iron in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurotoxicology. 74, 230–241.
Mlitan, A., Alkherraz, A., Amer, A. 2013. Determination of some heavy metals in four medicinal plants. J. Academic Res. 2, 273-286.
Najah, Z., Elsherif, K. 2016. Analytical and phytochemical studies on zizyphus lotus. Eur. J. Biomed. Pharm. Sci. 3 (7), 574-577.
Najah, Z., Elsherif, K.M., Alshtewi, M., Attorshi, H. 2015a. Phytochemical profile and heavy metals contents of codium tomentosum and sargassum hornschuchi. J. Appl. Chem. 4 (6), 1821-1827.
Najah, Z., Elsherif, K.M., Kawan, E., Farah, N. 2015b. Phytochemical screening and heavy metals contents of nicotiana glauca plant, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Res. 4 (3), 82-91
Prkić, A., Politeo, N., Giljanović, J., Sokol, V., Bošković, P., Brkljača, M., Stipišić, A. 2018. Survey of content of cadmium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, sodium and zinc in chamomile and green tea leaves by electrothermal or flame atomizer atomic absorption spectrometry. Open Chem. 16, 228–237. https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2018-0026
Rebiai, A., Lanez, T., Belfar, M.K. 2014. Total polyphenol contents, radical scavenging and cyclic voltammetry of Algerian propolis. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 6 (1), 395-400.
Serban, E.A., Vasile, G.G., Gheorghe, S., Ene, C. 2020. Effects of toxic metals Cd, Ni and Pb on matricaria chamomilla L. growth in a laboratory study. Rev. Chim. 71 (4), 325-335. https://doi.org/10.37358/RC.20.4.8072
Serban, E.A., Vasile, G.G., Gheorghe, S., Stoica, C., Catrina, G.A., Dinu, C. 2021. The effect of toxic metal As on the Matricaria Chamomilla L. medicinal plant. Romanian J. Ecol. Environ. Chem. 3 (2), 163-172. https://doi.org/10.21698/rjeec.2021.218
Soylak, M., Tuzen, M., Narin, I., Sari, H. 2004. Comparison of microwave, dry and wet digestion procedures for the determination of trace meta contents in spice samples produced in Turkey. J. Food Drug Anal. 12(3), 254-258.
Stanojkovic-Sebic, A., Pivic, R., Josic, D., Dinic, Z., Stanojkovic, A. 2015. Heavy metals content in selected medicinal plants commonly used as components for herbal formulations. J. Agric. Sci. 21, 317-325. DOI: 10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001334
Sulaiman, M.A., Elsherif, K.M.M., Mlitan, A. 2021. Estimation of some chemical components and antioxidants of Juniperus phoenicea L, J. Sci. special issue, 70-82.
Tercan, H.S., Ayanoglu, F., Bahadirli, N.P. 2016. Determination of heavy metal contents and some basic aspects of widely used herbal teas in Turkey. Rev.Chim. 67(5), 1019-1022
Yaghi, M.M., Elsherif, K.M., El-Shawish, A.A. 2022. Assessment of some heavy metals in potato and corn chips available in Libyan market. Arabian J. Chem. Environ. Res. 9 (1), 122–135.
Yaghi, M.M., Mohammed, M.Y., Towier, N.A., Elsherif, K.M. 2021. Analysis of potato chips: Evaluation of sodium, potassium and chloride contents. Int. J. Multidiscip. Sci. Adv. Technol., 1, 92-97.
Yener, I. 2019. Trace element analysis in some plants species by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). J. Inst. Sci. Technol. 9 (3), 1492–1502. doi: https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.517739
Zeroual, A., El Hassan; S., Ibourki, M., Bijla, L., Ainane, A., Mahjoubi, F., Chaouch, M., Gharby, S., Chaqroune, A., Ainane, T. 2021. Phytochemical Screening and mineral profiling of wild and cultivated rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) from Taounate region (Northern Morocco). Pharmacol. on line. 2, 576-582.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Scientific Journal for Faculty of Science-Sirte University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
