Preeclampsia Symptoms and Liver Function Tests in Women with Pre‐Eclampsia: Comparison with a Normal Pregnant Woman
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37375/sjfssu.v3i2.101Keywords:
Preeclampsia, ALT; AST; Bilirubin, Hypertension, Pregnancy, WomenAbstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition that is linked to elevated blood pressure and proteinuria. It is one of the main causes of child and mother deaths in developed countries and only affects pregnant women during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Due to normal hepatic markers during pregnancy, our purpose is to examine these factors in pregnant women and their association with disorders such as preeclampsia. In this study, the liver function tests in pre-eclampsia and normal pregnancy were compared. This study included 100 pregnant women after 20 weeks of pregnancy, divided into two groups, Group A is the control group, which consisted of 40 pregnant women with normal blood pressure, and Group B is the preeclampsia group, which consisted of 60 preeclamptic women, whose blood pressure was greater than 140/90 mm Hg and whose proteinuria in a 24-hour period was greater than 300 mg. The Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Teaching Governmental Hospital in the northeastern Libyan city of El-Baida provided the samples. In both groups, we assessed the activity of the liver enzymes ALT, AST, and total bilirubin. According to the findings, there was no discernible difference between the two groups' total bilirubin levels. The serum levels of ALT and AST across the two groups did, however, differ significantly (p 0.05). The results of this study indicate that preeclampsia-affected pregnant women had hepatic biomarkers that were higher than those of healthy pregnant women.
References
Cunningham, F.G., Leveno, K.J., Bloom, S.L., Hauth, J.C., Rouse, D.J., and Spong, C.Y. (2010). Pregnancy hypertension. Williams Obstetrics: The McGraw‑Hill Companies.
Mackay, A.P., Berg, C.J., and Atrash, H.K. (2001). Pregnancy related mortality from preeclampsia and eclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol., 97(4): 533–538.
Munazza, B., Raza, N., Naureen, A., Khan, S.A., Fatima, F., Ayub, M., and Sulaman, M. (2011). Liver Function Tests in Preeclampsia. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad, 23(4).
Patil, S., Jyothi, A., Babu, A., and Veerabhadra, G.G.K., (2016). A study on Liver function tests and Renal function tests in Preeclampsia. International Journal of Biomedical Research, 7(10): 713-717.
Dutta, D.C., (1998). Text book of obstetrics, sixth edition Calcutta: New central Book Agency (p) Ltd.
Cnossen, J.S., Post, J.A.v.d., Mol, B.W., Khan, K.S., Meads, C.A., and Riet, G.t., (2006). Prediction of pre-eclampsia: a protocol for systematic reviews of test accuracy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 6: 29.
Roberts, J.M., and Gammill, H.S., (2005). Preeclampsia: recent insights. Hypertension, 46(6): 1243–1249.
Amaral, L.M., Cunningham, M.W., Cornelius, D.C., and LaMarca, B., (2015). Preeclampsia: long-term consequences for vascular health. Vascular Health and Risk Management, 11: 403–415.
Brennan, L.J., Morton, J.S., and Davidge, S.T., (2014). Vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia. Microcirculation, 21(1): 4–14.
Serrano, N.C., Casas, J.P., and Diaz, L.A., (2004). Endothelial no synthase genotype and risk of preeclampsia: a multicenter case-control study. Hypertension, 44(5): 702–707.
Kinney, M.V., Lawn, J.E., Howson, C.P., and Belizan, J., (2012). 15 Million pre¬term births annually: what has changed this year? Reprod Health, 9: 28.
Moser, M., (2001). Working group report on high blood pressure in pregnancy. J Clin Hypertens, 3: 75‑88.
Mammaro, A., Carrara, S., Cavaliere, A., Ermito, S., Dinatale, A., and Maria, E., (2009). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Prenat Med, 3: 1‑5.
Panda, R., and Mondal, H., (2018). Liver and Kidney Function Tests in Elderly Gravidae Presenting with Preeclampsia. Advances in Human Biology, 8 (2).
Kedziora, S.M., Kräker, K., Markó, L., Binder, J., Sugulle, M., Gauster, M., Muller, D.N., Dechend, R., Haase, N., and Herse, F., (2021). Kidney Injury Caused by Preeclamptic Pregnancy Recovers Postpartum in a Transgenic Rat Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22.
Townsend, R., O’Brien, and P., Khalil, A., (2016). Current best practice in the management of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Integr Blood Press Control, 9: 79‑94.
Nachshon, S., Hadar, E., Bardin, R., Hazan, S.B., Borovich, A., Braun, M., and Shmueli, A., (2022). The association between chronic liver diseases and preeclampsia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(500).
Bacq, Y., (2000-2013). The liver in normal pregnancy. In: Madame Curie Bioscience Database. Austin (TX): Landes Bioscience. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6005/. [Last accessed on 2017 Oct 28].
Angel, A.L.G., (2000). Effect of pregnancy on pre-existing liver disease. Physiological changes during pregnancy. Ann Hepatol, 5(3): 184-186.
Das, S., Char, D., Sarkar, S., Saha, T.K., Biswas, S., and Rudra, B., (2013). Evaluation of Liver Function Test in Normal Pregnancy and Pre-eclampsia: A Case Control. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS), 12 (1): 30-32.
Burroughs, A.K., (1998). Pregnancy and liver disease. Forum (Genova), 8(1): 42-58.
Weinstein, L., (1982). Syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count a severe consequence of hypertension in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 142: 159–167.
Simith, L.G., Moise, K.H., Dildy, G.A., and Carpenter, R.J., (1991). Spontaneous rupture of liver during pregnancy: current therapy. Obstet Gynecol, 77: 171–175.
Lodhi, R., and Roy, N., (2018). Liver function tests in patients of pre-eclampsia in Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India: a clinical study. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 7 (12): 5102-5106.
Hupuczi, P., Nagy, B., Sziller, I., Rigó, B., Hruby, E., and Papp, Z., (2007). Characteristic laboratory changes in pregnancies complicated by HELLP syndrome. Hypertens Pregnancy, 26: 389–401.
Sibai, B.M., (2004). Diagnosis, controversies and management of the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. Obstet Gynecol, 103: 981–991.
Dadelszen, P.v., Magee, L.A., Devarakonda, R.M., Hamilton, T., Ainsworth, L.M., and Yin, R., (2004). The predictors of adverse maternal outcomes in preeclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 26: 871–879.
Magann, E.F., Chauhan, S.P., Naef, R.W., Blake, P.G., Morrison, J.C., and Martin, J.N., (1993). Standard parameters of preeclampsia: can the clinician depend on them to reliably identify the patient with HELLP syndrome? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 33: 122–126.
Kozic, J.R., Benton, S.J., Hutcheon, J.A., Payne, B.A., Magee, L.A., and Dadelszen, P.v., (2011). Abnormal Liver Function Tests as Predictors of Adverse Maternal Outcomes in Women with Preeclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 33 (10): 995–1004.
Hassanpour, S.H., and Karami, S.Z., (2018). Evaluation of Hepatic Biomarkers in Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia. Gynecology & Obstetrics (Sunnyvale), 8.
Hay, J.E., (2008). Liver disease in pregnancy. Hepatology, 47: 1067-1076.
Borglin, N., (1958). Serum transaminase activity in uncomplicated and complicated pregnancy and in newborns. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 18: 872-877.
Romero, R., Vizoso, J., Emamian, M., Duffy, T., and Riely, C., (1989). Clinical significance of liver dysfunction in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Obstetric Anesthesia Digest, 8: 162.
Verhaeghe, J., Anthony, J., and Davey, D., (1991). Platelet count and liver function tests in proteinuric and chronic hypertension in pregnancy. S Afr Med J, 79: 590-594.
Malvino, E., Munoz, M., Ceccottic, C., Janello, G., Loughlin, D.M., and Pawlak, A., (2005). Maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality in HELLP syndrome (Multicentric studies in intensive care units in Buenos Aires area. Medicina (B. Aires), 65(1): 17-23.
Dacaj, R., Izetbegovic, S., Stojkanovic, G., and Dreshaj, S., (2016). Elevated Liver Enzymes in Cases of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Med Arch, 70 (1): 44-47.
Rath, W., Faridi, A., and Dudenhausen, J.W., (2000). HELLP Syndrome. J Perinat Med, 28(4): 249-260.
Makuyana, D., Mahomed, K., Shukusho, F.D., and Majoko, F., (2002). Liver and kidney function tests in normal and pre‑eclamptic gestation – A comparison with non‑gestational reference values. Cent Afr J Med, 48: 55‑59.
Cines, D.B., Pollak, E.S., and Buck, C.A., (1998). Endothelial cells in physiology and in the pathophysiology of vascular disorders. Blood, 91: 3527-3561.
Shukla, P., Sharma, D., and Mandal, R., (1978). Serum lactate dehydrogenase in detecting liver damage associated with pre‐eclampsia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 85: 40-42.
McMahon, L., O'Coigligh, S., and Redman, C., (1993). Hepatic enzymes and the HELLP syndrome: a long‐standing error? Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 100: 693-695.
Jaleel, A., Baseer, A., and Aamir, S., (1999). Biochemical parameters for detection of hemolysis in pregnancy induced hypertensive woman. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 9(1): 41-42.
Girling, J., Dow, E., and Smith, J., (1997). Liver function tests in pre‐eclampsia:the importance of comparison with a reference range derived for normal pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 104: 246-250.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal for Faculty of Science-Sirte University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
