Human Health Risk Assessment and Daily Intake of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Multi-Brand Canned Legumes Marketed in Sabha-Libya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37375/susj.v16i1.4139Keywords:
Heavy metals, trace elements, canned legumes, dietary exposure, human health risk assessment, estimated daily intake (EDI), food contamination, LibyaAbstract
This study aims to assess the levels of heavy metals and trace elements in canned legumes from various brands, such as Al-Taybat, Americana, and Extra. A total of 22 samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The study included four types of legumes: broad beans, kidney beans, chickpeas, and peas, distributed across samples from different countries (Libya, Egypt, and Italy). The results showed that the (Cu) concentration in broad beans was 0.01 ± 0.003 mg/kg in the Libyan product and 0.04 ± 0.030 mg/kg in the Egyptian product. The (Zn) levels were found to be 0.02 ± 0.002 mg/kg in Libya and 0.02 ± 0.004 mg/kg in Egypt. For kidney beans, the levels were generally lower, with concentrations similar to the other elements. In the chickpea sample, the highest (Fe) concentrations were 0.11 ± 0.106 mg/kg from Libya and 0.08 ± 0.011 mg/kg from Egypt. Meanwhile, the pea sample showed high (Pb) concentrations reaching 0.01 ± 0.009 mg/kg in Libya and 0.02 ± 0.004 mg/kg in Egypt. The results indicate that the highest estimated daily intake of copper in broad beans was 0.001 mg/kg/day for the Libyan product (A1) and 0.005 mg/kg/day for the Egyptian product (A2). The lead concentrations in the Libyan broad beans (A1) were 0.004 mg/kg/day, which is within the allowable limits according to regulations. Regarding kidney beans, the results indicated that the iron concentration in the Italian product (B2) was 0.01 mg/kg/day, while the concentration in the Egyptian beans (B3) was 0.004 mg/kg/day. For chickpeas and peas, the estimated intake of elements ranged from 0.001 to 0.1 mg/kg/day. The findings of the study reveal a significant variation in the concentration of heavy metals among samples from different sources, indicating potential health risks associated with the consumption of certain canned legumes, especially regarding the levels of chromium, lead, and cadmium. This necessitates regulatory measures to ensure food safety and protect consumer health.References
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