تقييم المخاطر الصحية البشرية والمدخول اليومي للمعادن الثقيلة والعناصر النزرة في البقوليات المعلبة متعددة العلامات التجارية المتداولة في سبها–ليبيا

المؤلفون

  • سعدة علي قسم علم الحيوان، كلية العلوم، جامعة سبها- ليبيا.
  • ابتسام الطاهر قسم التربة والمياه – كلية الزراعة - جامعة سبها- ليبيا.
  • فاطمة شيبة قسم الصحة والسلامة البيئية والمهنية – جامعة وادي الشاطئ-ليبيا.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37375/susj.v16i1.4139

الكلمات المفتاحية:

المعادن الثقيلة، العناصر النزرة، البقوليات المعلبة، التعرض الغذائي، تقييم المخاطر الصحية البشرية، التناول اليومي المقدر (EDI)، تلوث الغذاء، ليبيا

الملخص

تهدف هذه الدراسة لتقييم مستويات المعادن الثقيلة والعناصر النزرة في البقوليات المعلبة لعلامات تجارية متنوعة، مثل الطيبات، أمريكانا، واكستر. تم تحليل 22 عينة باستخدام تقنية مطيافية الامتصاص الذري (AAS) شملت الدراسة أربع أنواع من البقوليات: الفول، والفاصوليا، والحمص، والبازلاء، موزعة على عينات من دول مختلفة (ليبيا، مصر، وإيطاليا). أظهرت النتائج أن تركيز النحاس (Cu) في الفول كان 0.01 ± 0.003 ملغ/كغ في المنتج الليبي و0.04 ± 0.030 ملغ/كغ في المنتج المصري. كما وُجد أن مستوى الزنك (Zn) كان 0.02 ± 0.002 ملغ/كغ في ليبيا و0.02 ± 0.004 ملغ/كغ في مصر. بالنسبة للفاصوليا، كانت المستويات أقل بشكل عام، مع تركيزات مشابهة للعناصر الأخرى. في عينة الحمص، كانت أعلى تركيزات الحديد (Fe) 0.11 ± 0.106 ملغ/كغ من ليبيا و0.08 ± 0.011 ملغ/كغ من مصر. بينما أظهرت عينة البازلاء تركيزات عالية من الرصاص (Pb) تصل إلى 0.01 ± 0.009 ملغ/كغ في ليبيا و0.02 ± 0.004 ملغ/كغ في مصر. تشير النتائج إلى أعلى تقديرات تناول يومي للنحاس في الفول كانت 0.001 ملغ/كغ/يوم للمنتج الليبي (A1) و0.005 ملغ/كغ/يوم للمنتج المصري (A2). بينما كانت تركيزات الرصاص في الفول الليبي (A1) 0.004 ملغ/كغ/يوم، وهي ضمن الحدود المسموح بها حسب التوجيهات. فيما يتعلق بالفاصوليا، أظهرت النتائج أن تركيز الحديد في المنتج الإيطالي (B2) كان 0.01 ملغ/كغ/يوم، بينما كان التركيز في الفاصوليا المصرية (B3) 0.004 ملغ/كغ/يوم. بالنسبة للحمص والبازلاء، تراوحت تقديرات تناول العناصر بين 0.001 و0.1 ملغ/كغ/يوم. تظهر نتائج الدراسة تفاوتًا ملحوظًا في تركيز العناصر الثقيلة بين العينات مختلفة الصناعة، وتشير إلى وجود مخاطر صحية محتملة مرتبطة باستهلاك بعض البقوليات المعلبة، خاصة فيما يتعلق بمستويات الكروم والرصاص والكادميوم. مما يستوجب اتخاذ تدابير تنظيمية لضمان سلامة الغذاء وحماية صحة المستهلك.

المراجع

Abdul Rahman, N. and Majzoub, A. (2017). Determination of trace elements in some fresh and canned fruits in Khartoum State, Atomic Energy Council, Sudan Academy of Sciences (SAS) Khartoum – A thesis for Degree of M.Sc. in Nuclear Sciences and Technology, pp. 1–69.

Amit, S.K., Mezbah, M.U., Uddin, R., Rahman, S.M., Rezwanul I., and Samad, M.A. (2017). Review on mechanisms and commercial aspects of food preservation and processing. Agriculture and Food Security, 6(51): 1–22.

Adnan, M.M. & Ayat Allah, T.M. (2017). Determination of heavy metals in canned fruits and vegetables sold in Jordan market. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25: 1914–1920. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0611-0.

Akoto, O., Bismark, E.F., Darko, G.I., and Adei, E. (2014). Concentrations and Health Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Fish from the Fosu Lagoon. Environmental Research, 8(2): 403-410.

Abbasi, H., Shah, M.H., Mohiuddin, M., Elshikh, M., Hussain, Z., Alkahtani, J., Ullah, W.A., Alwahibi, M., and Abbasi, A.M. (2020). Quantification of heavy metals and health risk assessment in processed fruits’ products. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(12): 8965–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.10.020.

Buculei, A., Amariei, S., Oroian, M., Gutt, G., Gaceu, L., and Birca, A. (2014). Metals migration between product and metallic package in canned meat. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 58(2): 364–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2013.06.003.

Balabanovai, B., Stafilov, T., and Baceva, K. (2015). Application of Principal Component Analysis in the Assessment of Essential and Toxic Metals in Vegetable and Soil from Polluted and Referent Areas. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 21(3): 552-560.

Chahid, A., Hilali, M., Benlhachimi, A., and Bouzid, T. (2014). Contents of cadmium, mercury and lead in fish from the Atlantic Sea (Morocco) determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Food Chemistry, 147: 357-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.008.

Dolara, P. (2014). Occurrence, exposure, effects, recommended intake and possible dietary use of selected trace compounds (aluminium, bismuth, cobalt, gold, lithium, nickel, silver). International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 65: 911–924. DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.937801.

European Commission (EC), 2006. Commission regulation (EC) no 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006: setting maximum levels contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union Legislation, 364.

Eagle, N.A. and Wehbe, N.M. (2012). Artificial flavors and colors added to foods. Associate Journal of Environmental Studies, 36: 91-98.

FAO. (2011). Safety evaluation of certain contaminants in food. Seventy-second meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Rome, 16–25.

Fekadu, M., Dessie, E., Atnafu, G., and Molla, T. (2023). Risk assessment in legumes crops (chickpea, lentils and peas) from Belesa districts, Ethiopia: Metal distribution and human health. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 26: 1-10. DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2229771.

Fiamegos, Y., Vahcic, M., Emteborg, H., Snell, G., Raber, G., Cordeiro, F., and Robouch, P. (2016). Determination of toxic trace elements in canned vegetables: The importance of sample preparation. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 85: 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2016.02.004.

Federal Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. FEPA), 2020. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). https://www.epa.gov/iris (Accessed 18).

Gergen, I. and Harmanescu, M. (2012). Application of principal component analysis in the pollution assessment with heavy metals of vegetable food chain in the old mining areas. Chemistry Central Journal, 6: 156. http://journal.chemistrycentral.com/content/6/1/156.

Gruszecka-Kosowska, A. (2019). Human health risk assessment and potentially harmful element contents in the fruits cultivated in the Southern Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24): 5096. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245096.

Hernandez, R.A., Zumbado, A., Hernández, H.A., Boada, D.L., and Luzardo, P.O. (2019). Dietary Intake of Essential, Toxic, and Potentially Toxic Elements from Mussels (Mytilus spp.) in the Spanish Population: A Nutritional Assessment. Nutrients, 11(4): 864. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040864.

Hamzeh, Z., Ghadeer, S., and Shehdeh, J. (2018). Environmental exposure assessment of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in different Palestinian canned foods. Agriculture&Food Security, 7(50): 1-7. DOI: 10.1186/s40066-018-0205-1.

Jun, Y., Silu, M., Jingcheng, Z., Yongwei, S., and Fei, L. (2018). Heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables and health risk assessment of inhabitants in Daye, China. Journal of International Medical Research, 46(8): 3374–3387. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060518758585.

Kassouf, A., Chabib, H., Lebbos, N., and Ouaini, R. (2019). Migration of iron, lead, cadmium and tin from tinplate-coated cans into chickpeas. Journal of Food Chemistry, 288(1): 228-238.

Kapica, C., and Weiss, W. (2012). Canned fruits, vegetables, beans and fish provide nutrients at a lower cost compared to fresh, frozen or dried. Journal of Nutrition&Food Sciences, 2(4): 2–5.

Kormoker, T., Proshad, R., Islam, S., Ahmed, S., Chandra, K., Uddin, M., and Rahman, M. (2021). Toxic metals in agricultural soils near the industrial areas of Bangladesh: ecological and human health risk assessment. Toxin Reviews, 40: 1135–1154. https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2019.1650777.

Llorente, T., Mirandes, J., Calderón, F., Centrich, R., Rubio, J.F., and López, S. (2014). A need for determination of arsenic species at low levels in cereal-based food and infant cereals. Validation of a method by IC-ICPMS. Food Chemistry, 147: 377–385. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.138.

Luana, C.S., Nayara, V.L., Elaine, S.P., Carla, M.L., and Valter, A.D.N. (2020). Exposure to toxic metals and health risk assessment through ingestion of canned sardines sold in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19: 7678. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137678.

Mustafa, T. and Mustafa, S. (2007). Evaluation of trace element contents in canned foods marketed from Turkey. Food Chemistry, 102(4): 1089-1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.048.

Mahdi, B.M., Kobra, N., Zoya, T., Mohammad, R.K., and Mahmood, S. (2021). Toxic mechanisms of five heavy metals: Mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13(12): 1-19. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643972.

Mostafa, T. (2017). Detection of heavy metals in canned food sold in the Turkish market. Journal of Food Chemistry, 211(6): 1123-1128.

Martins, O.A., Nosakhare, E., Isioma, T., and Lawrence, E. (2020). Food toxicity assessment of selected canned foods in Nigeria. Toxicology Research, 6: 45–58.

Munoz, O., Zamorano, P., Garcia, O., and Bastías, J.M. (2017). Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, sodium, and potassium concentrations in common foods and estimated daily intake of the population in Valdivia (Chile) using a total diet study. Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 109: 1125–1134. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.027.

Nejabat, M., Kahe, H., Shirani, K., Ghorbannejad, P., Hadizadeh, F., and Karimi, G. (2017). Health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of wheat in Golestan Province, Iran. Human Ecology Risk Assessment: Int. J., 23: 1193–1201. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2017.1309265.

Obeid, P.J., Saliba, S., Younis, M., Aouad, S., and El-Nakat, J. (2013). Comparative analysis of lead and cadmium levels in various brands of canned and processed meat products in Lebanon. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 170: 135–146.

Pilaipan, C., Yuthapong, U., Richmond, J., and Ampiah, B. (2022). Fast sequential multi-element analysis of lead and cadmium in canned food samples using effervescent tablet-assisted switchable solvent-based liquid phase microextraction coupled with high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 375(1). DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131857.

Pradip, K., Maurya, D.S., Malik, K., Kumar, Y., Amit, K.S., and Kumar, H.K. (2019). Bioaccumulation and potential sources of heavy metal contamination in fish species in River Ganga basin: Possible human health risks evaluation. Toxicology Reports, 6: 472–481. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.05.012.

Ramirez, A.M., Ojeda, M., and Moreno, R.C. (2018). Mineral and trace element content in legumes (lentils, chickpeas and beans): Bioaccessibility and probabilistic assessment of the dietary intake. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 73: 17-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.07.007.

Russo, R., Voi, A.L., De Simone, F.P., Serpe, A., and Anastasio, P.T. (2013). Heavy metals in canned tuna from Italian markets. Journal of Food Protection, 76(2): 355–359. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-346.

Rebwar, O.H., Hazha, O.O., Diyar, S.A., Fuad, O.A., and Dalshad, A.D. (2023). Assessment of the health risk posed by toxic metals in commonly consumed legume brands in Erbil, Iraq. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 120: 105282.

Sara, N.M., Rosette, O., Joseph, M., Hanna, C., and Mathieu, C. (2019). Simultaneous migration of bisphenol compounds and trace metals in canned vegetable food. Journal of Food Chemistry, 288: 228-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.116.

Salah, F.A., Esmat, I.A., and Mohamed, A.B. (2013). Heavy metal residues and trace elements in milk powder marketed in Dakahlia Governorate. International Food Research Journal, 20(4): 1807-1812. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256980744.

Sandra, B.M., Michael, Z., Koni, G., and Angelo, B. (2018). Migration of cyclo-diBA from coatings into canned food: Method of analysis, concentration determined in a survey and in silico hazard profiling. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 58: 107-115.

Al Subaie, F.N., Eid, M.O., and Al-Hamshari, H.P. (2014a). A study of the extent of contamination of some foods with heavy metal elements, nitrates and nitrites. Research funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Plants, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.

Al Subaie, F.N., Eid, M.N., and Al-Jarwani, M. (2014b). Determining the extent of contamination of some varieties of grains and legumes with heavy metal elements. Research funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Plants, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.

Siwan, S.H. and Al-Halfi, S.P. (2017). Determination of the percentage of benzoic acid and heavy metals in some fresh and processed foods in the markets of the city of Basra. Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(2): 64-73.

Tufuor, J.K., Bentum, J.K., Essumang, D.K., and Koranteng, A.J. (2011). Analysis of heavy metals in citrus juice from the Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese District, Ghana. Journal of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Research, 3(2): 397-402.

Tuzen, M. and Soylak, M. (2007). Evaluation of trace element contents in canned foods marketed from Turkey. Journal of Food Chemistry,102(4):1089-1095.DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.048.

Verma, A., Sharma, P., Dhusia, N., and Nandkishor, N. (2016). Determination of heavy metal content in fruits and fruit juices consumed in urban areas of Lucknow, India. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 1(5): 44-50.

Victor, E.O. (2022). Health risk of ingested heavy metals in fluidized canned milks: Are we drinking heavy metals? Journal of Food Quality, Article ID 2683095, 1-8

منشور

2026-06-24