Quality Assay Measurements of Groundwater in Wadijarif–Sirte-Libya
الكلمات المفتاحية:
Sirte، Wadijarif، Hydrogeology، Groundwater quality، assessment، chemical analysis، bacteriological analysisالملخص
Sirte is a city that lies on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea being overwhelmed by the arid or the semi-arid climate. Across the extension of this city, there are several valleys descending from south to the north to be pouring into marshes across the long coast. The collected samples are subjected to different analyses, in order to conduct hydrochemical and bacteriological study of the study area, Chemical analyses have been conducted on those wells samples in terms of determining the concentration of main ions (Chloride Cl-, potassium K+, sodium Na+, sulfate SO42-, carbonate CO32-, bicarbonate HCO3--, Silicon Si4+, manganese Mn2+, Barium Ba2+, magnesium Mg2+, calcium Ca2+, nıtrate NO3-, NH4+, Alkalinity, electrical conductivity, acidity, pH and total dissolved solids TDS) and bacteriological analysis .For drinking, this groundwater are classified as very poor and unsuitable, furthermore, all analyzed samples for bacteriological content classified as contaminated and classified as unsafe too. Results showed that the concentration of (TDS) has been higher in wells. The increase in (TDS) in wells extending from south to the north, since (TDS) concentration and other ions were increasing the more we are coming close to the sea being a result of the sea waters' invasion. The study has come to the results that these waters are not suitable for drinking before treatment, because the rate of the total dissolved solids and ions are critically high. The wells ones which is an outcome of seawater leakage.
المراجع
Abawi, S. A. and Hassan, M.S. (1990): The environmental scientific. Water test, Dar Al-hekma for typing & publishing. Al-Mosel– Iraq.
Abdul Jameel, A., Sirajudeen J. and Abdul vahith R. (2012): Studies on heavy metal pollution of ground water sources between Tamilnadu and Pondicherry, India. Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 3 (1): pp.424- 429.
American Public Health Association, (1992): Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.
American Public Health Association, (1999): Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21thEdn.American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.
Brown.L.R and Root, (1990): Agricultural strategies report, sirt small farms.
Edmunds, W.M. (2003): Hydrogeochemical processes in arid and semi-arid regions - focus on North Africa. In: Simmers, I. Understanding water in a dry environment "Hydrological processes in arid and Semi-arid Zones" Swets&Zeitlinger B.V., Lisse, The Netherlands, pp.251-289.
Edmunds, W.M. (2003): Hydrogeochemical processes in arid and semi-arid regions - focus on North Africa. In: Simmers, I. Understanding water in a dry environment "Hydrological processes in arid and Semi-arid Zones" Swets&Zeitlinger B.V., Lisse, The Netherlands, pp.251-289.
Elango, L. and Kannan, R. (2007): Rock–water interaction and its control on chemical composition of groundwater. In: Sarkar, D. Datta, R. and Hannigan R. (Eds.) Developments in Environmental Science. Elsevier, pp.229-243.
El-Ghawi, U.M. (2005): The level of trace elements in Tripoli City groundwater. Instrum. Sci. and Tech., 33: pp.609-617.
Elgzeli, Y.M. (2010): Future groundwater development in the Jifarah Plain, Libya, and possible environmental impacts: regional approach. Ph.D Thesis, Fac. Sci., Charles Univ. Prague, 71 P.
Kumar, A., Zaiad, G.M., Awheda, I.M. and Fartas, F.M. (2014): Physico-Chemical analysis of ground water in different sites of Al-khums City, Libya. Inter. J.Sci. Res. (IJSR), 3 (7): pp.2395- 2398.
Manimaran, D. (2012): Groundwater geochemistry study using GIS in and around Vallanadu Hills, Tamilnadu, India. Res. J. Recent Sci., 1 (7): pp.52-58.
Ministry of Health (1999): “Safe Water Supply Vital to Your Health.”(1999)http://www.healthservices.gov.bc.ca/protect/pdf/PHI052.pdf
Mohamed, F.E. (2014): Population growth and water consumption in Libya (Reality and future prospects). Inter. J. planning, urban and sustainable develop. 1 (2): pp.22-30. (In Arabic).
Mumtazuddin, S., Azad, A.K., Firdaus, R. and Kumari, A.(2013): Water Quality Evaluation in Some Groundwater Samples along the BudhiGandak Belt of Kanti Block in Muzaffarpur District during Post-Monsoon Season, 2012. J. Chem. Biol. Phys. Sci., 3 (1): pp.605-611.
Noble, R.T.; Leecaster, M. K.; McGee, C. D.; Weisberg, S.B. and Ritter, K. (2003): “Comparison of Total Feacal Coliform and Enterococcus Response for Ocean Recreational Water Quality Testing,” Water Research, 37, No. 7, pp. 1637-1643.
Parihar, S.S., Kumar, A., Gupta, R.N, Pathak, M., Shrivastav, A. and Pandey, A.C. (2012):Physico- Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Underground Water in and Around Gwalior City, MP, India. Res. J. Recent Sci., 1 (6): pp.62-65.
Plazinska, A. (2000): Microbiological quality of drinking water in four communities in the AnanguPitjantjatjara Lands, SA. Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra.
Sen, Z. (2008):Wadi Hydrology. New York: CRC:pp13-14
Tmava, A., Avdullahi, S. and Fejza, I. (2013): Assessment of heavy metal study on groundwater in the mining area in Stan Terg, Kosovo. J. Biodiv. Environ. Sci., 3 (2): pp.53-60.
Todd, D.K. (1963) : Groundwater hydrology. Second edition. John Wiley & sons, New York, pp 535
Viena and Austria, (2006). Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) Technical Baseline Meeting.
WHO, (1993): Guidelines for drinking water quality. (2nd ed.)1 - Recommendations, Geneva, ISBN 92 4 154460.
WHO, (2005): Nutrients in Drinking Water Protection of the Human Environment Water, Sanitation and Health. Geneva, Switzerland.
WHO, (2006): Protecting Groundwater for Health: Managing the Quality of Drinking-water Sources. Edited by O. Schmoll, G. Howard, J. Chilton and I. Chorus. ISBN: 1843390795. Published by IWA Publishing, London, UK.
