The political and financial conditions in England and their impact on the issuance of the Magna Carta(1199-1215
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37375/foej.v5i2.4223Keywords:
King John, Philip Augustus, Pope Innocent III, Barons, Taxes, Magna CartaAbstract
This study examines the political and financial events that led to the issuance of the Magna Carta .during the reign of King John of England (1199-1216), a reign characterized by despotism and escalating financial demands. Unlike his brother Richard I (1189-1199), who spent his reign fighting abroad, John remained in England and ruled personally, which led to significant crises, particularly with the disintegration of the continental empire he inherited from his father, Henry II (1151-1189). Despite his efforts to mobilize the kingdom's resources for military and diplomatic victory, his defeat by Philip Augustus of France in 1214 sparked an internal rebellion. Discontent also grew due to harsh fiscal policies and the exploitation of the feudal system, prompting the barons to impose the Magna Carta in 1215 AD, which questioned the idea of the divine right of kings and laid the foundations for the parliamentary system and legal changes in England, while emphasizing its historical role as a legal instrument and driver of political change.
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