Experimental Works to Improve Power Quality of the Existing PV Solar Inverters

Authors

  • Ali Algaddafi Electrical and Electronics Department, University of Sirte, Sirte – Libya.
  • Abdelrahim N. Esgiar Electrical and Electronics Department, University of Sirte, Sirte – Libya.
  • Eljaroshi Diryak Electrical and Electronics Department, University of Sirte, Sirte – Libya.
  • I.M. Saleh Engineering Mechanics of Aeronautics, Power and Production Department, University of Sirte, Sirte – Libya.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37375/susj.v13i1.1363

Keywords:

PV Array Emulator, Analogue Computation Circuit (ACC), PV inverter, AC Mini-Grid, Power Quality (PQ)

Abstract

Solar energy development has attracted significant research attention, due to it offering many advantages that include being a safe, clean, and non-finite resource with no operational costs or moving parts. Therefore, solar systems are expected to play a significant role in the future of electricity supply, but, the power electronics used to connect these resources to the grid may face problems. This paper presents improving the power quality of the existing PV inverter by integrating it with a bidirectional inverter along with a battery storage system. A 6 kWh AC Mini-Grid is developed and tested with a PV inverter. The experimental works found that the PV inverter has high the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the output current that may reach up to 24%, while when this PV inverter was connected to the proposed system, the THD of the output current of the PV inverter was reduced to 0.64 %. The response of the battery storage is very smooth and fast, providing a stable and reliable output power in both cases when a domestic load is supplied from the solar system or the battery storage.

References

R. Foster, M. Ghassemi, and A. Cota, Solar Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment: CRC Press, 2009.

S. C. Bhattacharyya, Mini-Grids for Rural Electrification of Developing Countries: Analysis and Case Studies from South Asia: Springer, 2014.

Y. Yang, K. Zhou, and F. Blaabjerg, "Enhancing the frequency adaptability of periodic current controllers with a fixed sampling rate for grid-connected power converters," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 31, pp. 7273-7285, 2016.

A. F. Abdul Kadir, T. Khatib, and W. Elmenreich, "Integrating photovoltaic systems in power system: power quality impacts and optimal planning challenges," International Journal of Photo energy, vol. 2014, 2014.

Y. J. Reddy, Y. P. Kumar, K. P. Raju, and A. Ramsesh, "Retrofitted hybrid power system design with renewable energy sources for buildings," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 3, pp. 2174-2187, 2012.

F. Blaabjerg, R. Teodorescu, M. Liserre, and A. V. Timbus, "Overview of control and grid synchronization for distributed power generation systems," IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 53, pp. 1398-1409, 2006.

A. Algaddafi, "Advanced Modelling and Designing of an Optimal Controller Converter," ed: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2016.

A. Algaddafi, N. Brown, R. Gammon, S. A. Altuwayjiri, and M. Alghamdi, "Improving off-grid PV system power quality, and comparing with grid power quality," IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communications (ICEIC), pp. 1-6, 2016.

L. Zhang, R. Born, B. Gu, B. Chen, C. Zheng, X. Zhao, et al., "A sensorless implementation of the parabolic current control for single-phase stand-alone inverters," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 31, pp. 3913-3921, 2016.

B. N. Alajmi, K. H. Ahmed, G. P. Adam, and B. W. Williams, "Single-phase single-stage transformerless grid-connected PV system," IEEE transactions on power electronics, vol. 28, pp. 2664-2676, 2013.

R. Teodorescu, M. Liserre, and P. Rodríguez, Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems: Wiley, 2011.

J. F. Sultani, "Modelling, Design and Implementation of DQ Control in Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters for Photovoltaic Systems used in Domestic Dwellings," PhD thesis, De Montfort University, 2013.

K. Yamamoto, S. Ehira, and M. Ikeda, "Synchronous frame control for voltage sag/swell compensator utilizing single-phase matrix converter," IEEE in 19th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), pp. 1-6, 2016.

K. Thangaraj and S. Gopalasamy, "Power Quality Analysis and Enhancement of Grid Connected Solar Energy System," Circuits and Systems, vol. 7, p. 1954, 2016.

L. Campanhol, S. Silva, A. Oliveira, and V. Bacon, "Single-Stage Three-Phase Grid-Tied PV System with Universal Filtering Capability Applied to DG systems and AC Microgrids," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017.

C.-H. Chang, Y.-H. Lin, Y.-M. Chen, and Y.-R. Chang, "Simplified reactive power control for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic inverters," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 61, pp. 2286-2296, 2014.

M. Senthilkumar and K. Sameeullah, "Power Quality Improvement of Grid Connected Wind/PV system using Inductively Active Filtering," International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, vol. 4, 2014.

E. C. Aprilia, "Modelling of Photovoltaic (PV) Inverter for Power Quality Studies," Master’s Thesis, the Eindhoven University of Technology, 2012.

P. C. Babu, S. Dash, R. Bayındır, R. K. Behera, and C. Subramani, "Analysis and experimental investigation for grid-connected 10 kW solar PV system in distribution networks," IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), pp. 772-777, 2016.

B. Yang, W. Li, Y. Zhao, and X. He, "Design and analysis of a grid-connected photovoltaic power system," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 25, pp. 992-1000, 2010.

F. Huerta, D. Pizarro, S. Cobreces, F. J. Rodriguez, C. Giron, and A. Rodriguez, "LQG servo controller for the current control of LCL grid-connected voltage-source converters," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, pp. 4272-4284, 2012.

K. H. Ahmed, A. M. Massoud, S. J. Finney, and B. W. Williams, "A modified stationary reference frame-based predictive current control with zero steady-state error for LCL coupled inverter-based distributed generation systems," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, pp. 1359-1370, 2011.

S. Yang, Q. Lei, F. Z. Peng, and Z. Qian, "A robust control scheme for grid-connected voltage-source inverters," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, pp. 202-212, 2011.

M. Aten and H. Werner, "Robust multivariable control design for HVDC back-to-back schemes," IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 150, pp. 761-767, 2003.

A. Algaddafi, N. Brown, G. Rupert, and J. Al-Shahrani, "Modelling a Stand-Alone Inverter and Comparing the Power Quality of the National Grid with Off-Grid System," IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing, vol. 5, pp. 35-42, 2016.

X. Hao, X. Yang, T. Liu, L. Huang, and W. Chen, "A sliding-mode controller with multiresonant sliding surface for single-phase grid-connected VSI with an LCL filter," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28, pp. 2259-2268, 2013.

N. A. Ashtinai, S. M. Azizi, and S. A. Khajehoddin, "Control design in μ-synthesis framework for grid-connected inverters with higher order filters," IEEE in Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), pp. 1-6, 2016.

A. Kahrobaeian and Y. A.-R. I. Mohamed, "Robust single-loop direct current control of LCL-filtered converter-based DG units in grid-connected and autonomous microgrid modes," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 29, pp. 5605-5619, 2014.

A. Algaddafi, S. A. Altuwayjiri, O. A. Ahmed, and I. Daho, "An Optimal Current Controller Design for a Grid-Connected Inverter to Improve Power Quality and Test Commercial PV Inverters." The Scientific World Journal · April 2017.

Edvard, "What are the consequences of high harmonic distortion levels?”, available at: http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/what-are-the-consequences-of-high-harmonic-distortion-levels [accessed: 18/09/2015].

F. C. De La Rosa, Harmonics and Power Systems: CRC Press, 2006.

D. Geibel, T. Degner, C. Hardt, M. Antchev, and A. Krusteva, "Improvement of power quality and reliability with multifunctional PV-inverters in distributed energy systems," IEEE 10th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilization (EPQU), pp. 1-6, 2009.

Anon., Available at: http://files.sma.de/dl/5668/SB700-11-EE0502.pdf [accessed: 14/09/2015].

Anon., "SMA flexible storage system with battery backup functions", available at: http://www.windandsun.co.uk/media/304189/Flexible-Storage-Battery-Backup-Planning-Guide.pdf [accessed: 01/11/2014].

Anon., available at : http://files.sma.de/dl/5671/SB1700E-11-EE4403.pdf [accessed : 07/08/2014].

Anon., "Battery User manual", available at: http://rollsbattery.com/uploads/pdfs/documents/user_manuals/Rolls_Battery_Manual.pdf [accessed: 26/03/2016].

M. Ehsani, Y. Gao, and A. Emadi, Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles: fundamentals, theory, and design: CRC press, 2009.

Anon., "Solar power calculator", available at: http://www.erakiprelec.co.za/solar-systems.html [accessed: 10/12/2013].

S. B. Karanki, D. Xu, B. Venkatesh, and B. N. Singh, "Optimal location of battery energy storage systems in power distribution network for integrating renewable energy sources," IEEE in Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), pp. 4553-4558, 2013.

Y. Liu, "Advanced control of photovoltaic converters” PhD thesis, University of Leicester, UK, 2009.

G. Vachtsevanos and K. Kalaitzakis, "A hybrid photovoltaic simulator for utility interactive studies," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, pp. 227-231, 1987.

J. Wiley, "Modeling photovoltaic systems," Photovoltaic Bulletin, 2003.

E. Rodrigues, R. Melício, V. Mendes, and J. Catalão, "Simulation of a solar cell considering single-diode equivalent circuit model," International conference on renewable energies and power quality, Spain, pp. 13-15, 2011.

R. Entwistle, "Methods for Investigating Interactions between Multiple Maximum Power Point Trackers in Photovoltaic Systems", PhD Thesis, University of Leicester, UK, 2013.

Anon., "Agilent E4360 Modular Solar Array Simulators", available at: http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5989-8485EN.pdf [accessed: 14/08/2015].

Anon., "Photovoltaic Power Profile Emulation Software PPPE", available at:http://magna-power.com/products/programmable-dc-power-supplies/photovoltaic-power-profile-emulation [accessed: 14/08/2015].

T. Salmi, M. Bouzguenda, A. Gastli, and A. Masmoudi, "Matlab/Simulink based modeling of photovoltaic cell," International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), vol. 2, pp. 213-218, 2012.

J. Chavarría, D. Biel, F. Guinjoan, A. Poveda, F. Masana, and E. Alarcon, "Low-cost photovoltaic array emulator design for the test of PV grid-connected inverters," IEEE 11th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD), pp. 1-6, 2014.

S. Lloyd, G. Smith, and D. Infield, "Design and construction of a modular electronic photo-voltaic simulator," IEEE Eighth International Conference on Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives, 2000.

R. González‐Medina, I. Patrao, G. Garcerá, and E. Figueres, "A low‐cost photovoltaic emulator for static and dynamic evaluation of photovoltaic power converters and facilities," Progress in Photovoltaic: Research and Applications, vol. 22, pp. 227-241, 2014.

M. C. Di Piazza and G. Vitale, Photovoltaic Sources: Modeling and Emulation: Springer London, 2012.

A. Algaddafi, N. Brown, R. Gammon, S. Altuwayjiri, A. Rahil, and S. Ali, "An Analogue Computation based Photovoltaic Emulator for realistic Inverter Testing," The 3 rd International Conference on Energy Engineering (ICEE-2015), Aswan, EGYPT, between 28-30 December, 2015.

Anon., “Power analyzer WT500 user's manual", available at: http://www.electro-meters.com/Assets/pdf2_files/Yokogawa/Power_meters/WT500/WT500_Manual.pdf [accessed: 23/03/2016].

A. Algaddafi, J. Alshahrani, S. Hussain, K. Elnaddab, E. Diryak, and I. Daho, "Comparing the Impact of the Off-Grid System and On-Grid System On a Realistic Load," Proceeding international conference in 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Munich, German, 2016.

Downloads

Published

2023-06-02