الفـرس بيــن التـشيّــع والتصوّف -دراسة تاريخيــة

Abstract

The study of doctrines and beliefs is one of the most important intellectual studies that are concerned with the influence of ideas and the policies, trends, and differences of opinion associated with them. This research is concerned with studying Shiism and Sufism in terms of roots and origins, in addition to the tributaries that the Persians introduced to these beliefs.

      The research also studies the transformations and changes that occurred in these beliefs by those who adopted them and entered them, especially the Persians, as they used Shiism as a means to reach their goal, which is to attain power. Therefore, the Persians played a major role in shaping Islamic thought during the intermediate period, and not only that, but it reached the point of resorting to Sufism after they lost most of the military battles they fought to support the Shiites and Shiism. They also distorted the ideas and foundations on which Shiism was based, so they introduced extremism to the imams and the principle of taqiyya and others, and mixed Shiism with Sufism to attract the general public. Many prominent figures emerged from them who had dual beliefs, such as: Abu Yazid al-Bastani, Ibrahim bin Adham, and others. They also employed their expensive ideas to enter in the name of religion into armed movements and revolutions against the ruling authority, such as their participation in the Alawite revolutions, claiming to support the family of the Prophet, in addition to their transition to supporting the Abbasids against the Umayyads, then their revolt against them, which explains that the Persians had no principle to rely on, but rather adopted Shiism and Sufism as a means and mixed it with their ancient beliefs such as Mazdakism and Manichaeism to restore their glory and ancient empire.