تجليات النزعة الإنسانية في الفكر الإعتزالي (اللطف الإلهي نموذجا)

Abstract

This research examines the manifestations of humanism in Mu'tazilite thought, specifically through the concept of divine grace, a fundamental element revealing their humanistic leanings. They believe that God provides humanity with the means to guidance without compelling obedience. This concept rests on the centrality of humanity as rational beings capable of choice, making grace a divine aid that helps individuals choose obedience and avoid disobedience. Grace is linked to divine justice, which, according to their understanding, necessitates acting in the best interest of humanity. Reason, the sending of messengers, and divine laws are among the most prominent manifestations of this grace, confirming that the relationship between God and humanity reflects a rational, humanistic perspective. The research is structured around several themes: the first clarifies the concept of divine grace; the second explains the origin of divine justice; the third analyzes the idea of ​​the necessity of divine grace; and the fourth explores the manifestations of divine grace. The research concludes with a set of findings.