The impact of fasting blood glucose on plasma creatinine and urea levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes, both male and female
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37375/bsj.vi18.3027Keywords:
Fasting blood glucose, creatinine, urea levels, type 2 diabetesAbstract
When diabetes reaches an advanced stage, it affects the liver's functioning, as well as the patient's blood levels of creatinine and urea. The Diabetic Center in EL-Beyda City served as the site of this research project. There were two sets of participants, totaling one hundred. The first group, known as the control group, consisted of 50 people (30 males and 20 women). There were fifty people in the second group, which was called the patient group (28 males and 22 women). These people had blood samples taken, and conventional procedures were used to calculate the amounts of sugar, urea, and creatinine in their fasting blood. Statistical analysis was done on these tests' outcomes. The average age of the control subjects was 48 ± 9.0, while the average age of the diabetic patients was 53 ± 9.3 years. The average blood sugar concentration among male patients was significantly lower compared to female patients. Furthermore, urea and creatinine concentrations in the plasma were considerably lower in female patients than in male patients. This implies that there are gender differences in the effects of type 2 diabetes on renal function. The study's inclusion keywords are creatinine, urea, and type 2 diabetes. The blood glucose, urea, and creatinine levels in type 2 diabetic patients were difference between both gender
References
Anjaneyulu, M. & Chopra, K. (2004). Quercetin, an anti‐oxidant bioflavonoid, attenuates diabetic nephropathy in rats. Clinical and Experimental pharmacology and physiology, 31, 244-248.
Bamanikar, S., Bamanikar, A. A. & Arora, A. (2016). Study of Serum urea and Creatinine in Diabetic and nondiabetic patients in a tertiary teaching hospital. The Journal of Medical Research, 2, 12-15.
Chutani, A. & Pande, S. (2017). Correlation of serum creatinine and urea with glycemic index and duration of diabetes in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comparative study. National journal of physiology, pharmacy and pharmacology, 7, 914-914.
Deshmukh, C. D., Jain, A. & Nahata, B. (2015). Diabetes mellitus: a review. Intrnational. Journal of Pure Applied. Bioscience, 3, 224-230.
Ezema, G. O., Omeh, N. Y., Egbachukwu, S., Agbo, E. C., Ikeyi, A. P., & Obeagu, E. I. (2023). Evaluation of biochemical parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on age and gender in Umuahia. Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences, 3(2), 32-36.
Hofsø, D., Jenssen, T., Bollerslev, J., Røislien, J., Hager, H. & Hjelmesæth, J. (2009). Anthropometric characteristics and type 2 diabetes in extremely obese Caucasian subjects: a cross-sectional study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 86, e9-e11.
Jasem, N. M. & Abdul-Razaq, A. S. (2023). Evalution of Biomarkers in Iraq Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 90, 3062-3066.
Khuwaja, A., Rafique, G., White, F. & Azam, S. (2004). Macrovascular complications and their associated factors among persons with type 2 diabetes in Karachi, Pakistan--a multi-center study. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 54, 60.
Li, R., He, M., Yang, Q., Liang, Z., Li, Y., Huang, L., Wu, R., & Huang, J. (2023). Association between serum creatinine and type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population: a retrospective cohort study. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 6806.
Mishra, K., Mawar, A., Kare, P. K. & Verma, N. (2015). Relationship between fasting blood glucose, serum urea, serum creatinine and duration of diabetes in Type-2 diabetic patients. Flora Fauna, 21, 127-32.
Neugarten, J., Acharya, A. & Silbiger, S. R. (2000). Effect of gender on the progression of nondiabetic renal disease: a meta-analysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 11, 319-329.
Ninomiya, T., Perkovic, V., De Galan, B. E., Zoungas, S., Pillai, A., Jardine, M., Patel, A., Cass, A., Neal, B. & Poulter, N. (2009). Albuminuria and kidney function independently predict cardiovascular and renal outcomes in diabetes. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 20, 1813-1821.
Remuzzi, G., Schieppati, A. & Ruggenenti, P. (2002). Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine, 346, 1145-1151.
Richard, E. J., Augustine, A. O., Ani, C. O., Chime, P. U., Jide, U. U., Francis, A. U., Pamela, O. O., Chinemerem, N. C., Onyemaechi, A. B. & Paul, E. C. (2017). Serum urea, uric acid and creatinine levels in diabetic mellitus patients attending Jos University Teaching Hospital, North central Nigeria. International Journal of Biosciences, 11, 68-72.
Romagnani, P., Remuzzi, G., Glassock, R., Levin, A., Jager, K. J., Tonelli, M., Massy, Z., Wanner, C. & Anders, H.-J. (2017). Chronic kidney disease. Nature reviews Disease primers, 3, 1-24.
Rossing, K., Christensen, P. K., Hovind, P., Tarnow, L., Rossing, P. & Parving, H.-H. (2004). Progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Kidney international, 66, 1596-1605.
Schutte, J. E., Longhurst, J. C., Gaffney, F. A., Bastian, B. C. & Blomqvist, C. G. (1981). Total plasma creatinine: an accurate measure of total striated muscle mass. Journal of Applied Physiology, 51, 762-766.
Schwartz, G. J., Brion, L. P. & Spitzer, A. (1987). The use of plasma creatinine concentration for estimating glomerular filtration rate in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatric clinics of North America, 34, 571-590.
Shera, A. S., Jawad, F., Maqsood, A., Jamal, S., Azfar, M., Ahmed, U. & Anurekha, J. (2004). Prevalence of chronic complications and associated factors in type 2 diabetes. PMA-Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. , 54, 54-59.
Triplitt, C. L. (2012). Understanding the kidneys' role in blood glucose regulation. American Journal of Managed Care, 18, S11.
Wagle, T. J. (2010). Genderwise comparison of serum creatinine and blood sugar levels in type-2 diabetic patients. Bombay Hosptail Journal, 52, 64-8.
Whaley-Connell, A., Sowers, J. R., Mccullough, P. A., Roberts, T., Mcfarlane, S. I., Chen, S.-C., Li, S., Wang, C., Collins, A. J. & Bakris, G. L. 2009. Diabetes mellitus and CKD awareness: the kidney early evaluation program (KEEP) and national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES). American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 53, S11-S21.
Yin, X., Wang, Y., Jiang, J., Zhong, F., & Zhang, Q. (2024). Association of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study in the Chinese population. Medicine, 103(30), e39003.








