Investigating The Acquisition of English Contrasts /p-b/ and /f-v/ by Libyan Arabic Learners
Keywords:
acquisition, production, bilabialAbstract
The core aspect of this study is to explore the difficulty to produce a second language (L2)
phones by Libyan Arabic learners of English. In doing so, this study adopted a quantitative
design in which a quasi-experiment was used to collect the information from 4 participants
from different levels and investigated the reasons behind the difficulties in producing two
main segments which are the bilabial voiceless /p/ and the fricative voiced /v/as these two
sounds are not found in the participants’ first language (L1). Based on the findings, it was
found out that the Speech Learning Hypothesis could be applied as it claimed that the
difficulties in acquiring some L2 sounds like native like is due the fact that they are similar
to L1 phones, thus the Libyan Arabic learners assimilate /p/ and /v/ to their counterparts in
L1 sounds which are /b/ and /f/ respectively. Interestingly, Feature Geometry could account
for the outcomes of the current study as it hypothesized that L2learner is able to realize the
L2 contrast, if the feature is active in an L1 then speakers of that L1 will be able to learn a
contrast that relies on that feature since the feature that distinguish the English contrasts /p/
from /b/ and /f/ from /v/ is voicing and this feature is active in Libyan Arabic.
References
Archibald, J. (1998). Second Language Phonology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Abumdas, A. (1985). Libyan Arabic Phonology. Doctoral Dissertation, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Avery, Peter & Keren Rice (1989) Segmental Structure and Coronal Underspecification.
Phonology 6.2: 179-200.
Brown, C. (1997) Acquisition of Segmental Structure. Consequences for Speech
Perception and Second Language Acquisition. PhD thesis, McGill University.
Brown, C., (1998). The Role of L1 Grammar in the L2 Acquisition of Segmental Structure.
Second Language Research14.2: 136-193.
Clements, G.N. (1985). The Geometry of Phonological Segments. In Goldsmith, J.A.
(1999), Phonological Theory: The Essential Readings. Mass., Oxford: Blackwell, 201-223.
Eckman, F.(1977). Markedness and Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis.
LanguageLearning27, 315-330.
Eckman, F.R., (2008). Typological Markedness and second language acquisition. In
Hansen Edwards & Zampini (eds.) Phonology and Second Language Acquisition,95-115.
Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Flege, J.E., (1987). The Production of ‘New’ and ‘Similar’ Phones in Foreign Language:
Evidence for the Effect of Equivalence Classification. Journal of Phonetics 15: 47-65.
Flege, J.E., (1995). Second Language Speech Learning: Theory, Findings and Problems.
In Strange, W. (ed.). Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Crosslanguage Research. Baltimore, MD: York Press, 233-277.
Investigating The Acquisition of English Contrasts……
مجلة جامعة سرت العلمية ) العلوم اإلنسانية( المجلد العاشر - العدد االول - يونيو 0202م
Flege, J.E., (2003). Assessing Constraints on Second-Language Segmental Production ad
Perception. In A. Meyer & N.Schiller (eds.) Phonetics and Phonology in
LanguageComprehension and Production: Differences and Similarities. Berlin: Mouton
de Gruyter, 319-55.
Greenberg, 1. (1978). Some Generalizations Concerning Initial and Final Consonant
Clusters. In Greenberg, J . Ferguson, C & Moravcsik, E (eds.),Universals of Human
Language, 243-280. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Gundel, J., K. Houlihan and G. Sanders. (1986). Markedness Distribution in Phonology
and Syntax. In F. Eckman, E. Moravcsik and J. Wirth(eds), Markedness. New York:
Plenum Press.
Lado, R., (1957) Linguistics Across Cultures: Applied Linguistics for Language Teachers.
Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Pereira, C. (2008). Libya. In Kess Versteegh (ed.) Encyclopaedia of Arabic Language and
Linguistics III, pp52-58. Leiden : Brill.
Pereira, C. (2009). Tripoli Arabic. In Kess Versteegh (ed.) Encyclopaedia of
ArabicLanguage and Linguistics IV, pp.548-556. Leiden : Brill.
Roach, P.J. (2009). English Phonetics and Phonology: A Practical Course. Fourth Edition.
Cambridge University Press.
Sagy, Elizabeth (1986). The Representation of Features and Relations in Non-Linear
Phonology. Doctoral dissertation, MIT