- Use of salicylic acid application and Azospirillum inoculation to improve wheat plant growth under saline conditions
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to evaluate Azospirillum inoculation or salicylic acid (1 mM) Spray the plant leaves during growth, nitrogen fixation and On some physiological characteristics under different NaCl concentrations (100, 200, 300 mM). The results are summarized as following : Wheat, Triticum aestivum L. tolerated NaCl salt stress up to 300 mM. Salt stress led to a decrease in some growth traits especially at high NaCl concentration (300mM). Azospirillum inoculation increased shoot and root length and leaf area by 59.0, 30.3cm / pot and 87.5Cm2 / plant at 100 mM NaCl, and salicylic acid application recorded 59.0, 33.0 cm / pot and 77.8 Cm2 / plantat100 mM NaCl compared with the control treatment, respectively. Azospirillum inoculation or salicylic acid application increased wheat dry shoot and root mass at different level of NaCl as compared with control plant. Bacterization increased chlorophyll a, b and Carotenoids contents by 2.46, 2.72 and 2.51mg/g at100 mM NaCl. In addition, salicylic acid application was recorded 2.94, 2.80 and 2.58 mg/gat a concentration of 100 mM of sodium chloride, respectively. Azospirillum inoculation or salicylic acid application highly significant increased shoot soluble carbohydrates at a concentration of 100 mM of sodium chloride. Wheat plant exposed to sodium chloride salt(200, 300 mM) exhibited a significant decreased in antioxidant enzymes activity like catalase and peroxidase activities. Whereas, addition of Azospirillum sp. or Salicylic to wheat plants with different salt levels significantly mitigated salt stress deleterious effect by increase antioxidant enzymes activity. When salt stress levels increase, it leads to an increase in hydrogen peroxide in the plant, while it was decreased by Azospirillum inoculation or salicylic acid application as compared with control plants Azospirillum inoculation was increased shoot and root total N-yield by 30.6 and 6.6 mg N/pot at 200 mM NaCl, respectively. The nitrogen derived atmosphere (%NdFa) by Azospirillum inoculation recorded 42.1% and 36.3% at 200 mM NaCl concentration and salicylic acid application recorded 33.3% and 20% in the shoot and root system at 100 mM NaCl concentration, respectively. Shoot minerals content (Ca, K, P) was changed by Azospirillum inoculation at 200 mM NaCl concentration compared with control. Results show that root minerals content of wheat plant was resisted salt stress levels by Salicylic acid application.
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