Escherichia coli Causing Urinary Tract Infection In Tobruk Medical Centre With Multi Drugs Resistance
Abstract
A total of 54 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from mid stream urine samples of urinary tract infection patients attending Tobruk medical center . The strains sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs were tested.
High incidence of resistant strains, high degree of association between resistance , most strains were resistance to one or more antibiotics.
And several patterns of antibiotics resistance occurred. E. coli showed very resistant to Amoxicillin+Clavulonic acid (68.5%). Sulfamethoxazol+ Trimethoprim (62.96%). And moderately resistant to Chloramphenicol (22.22%). Meropenem (20.37%). Amikacin(18.51%). However it was low resistant to Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin (16.66%) of each one.
References
- References.
Al Getrani S. A . S , (2010) ; Prevalence of bacteria urinary tract infection among pediatric patients at children Hospital Benghazi ; A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for degree of master of science in microbiology at academy of graduate studies – Benghazi .
Amin M , MehdineJad M , Pourdongcli Z , (2009); study of bacterial isolated from urinary tract infection and determination of their susceptibility to antibiotics; Jundishapur Journal of microbiology .23 . 118 – 123.
Archibald L, Phillips L, Monnet D, McGowan JE, Tenover F , Gaynes R. (1997) ; Antimicrobial resistance in isolates from inpatients and outpatients in the United states: increasing importance of the intensive care unit. Clinical infectious Diseases; 24: 211-215.
Baerheim (2001). Empirical treatment of uncomplicated cystitis . BMJ, 323: 1197 – 1198.
Banerjee S ,(2011) ; the study of urinary tract infections and antibiogram of uropathogenes in and around Ahmed nagar Maharashtra . the internet Journal of infectious diseases 2011 VOL – 9 NO .1-DOL :10 . 5580/1cb 6
Bartoloni A, Bartalesi F, Mantella A, Dell'Amico E,Roselli M, Strohmeyer M, Barahona HG, Barron VP ,Paradisi F , Rossolini GM. (2004) ; High prevalence of acquired antimicrobial resistance unrelated to heavy antimicrobial consumption. J Infect Dis; 189(7): 1291-4
Bean DC, Livermore DM, Papa I, Hall LM;(2005);Resistance among Escherichia coli to sulphonamides and other and other antimicrobials now little used in Man .J antimicrob Chemotherapy ,56:962-964.
rooks G . F , carrol K . C , Butel G . S , More S . A , Mietzner T . A , (2013) ; medical microbiology ; Twenty – sixth edition ; P 769 ; copy right c 2013 by the McGraw – Hill companies
Brzuskiewicz E, Thurmer A, Schuldes J, Leimbach A, Liesegang H, Meyer FD, Boelter J, Petersen H, Gottschalk G, Daniel R (2011)."Genome sequence analyses of two isolates from the recent Escherichia coli outbreak in Germany reveal the emergence of a new pathotype: Entero- Aggregative- Haemorrhagic Eschrrichia coli (EAHEC)". Arch. Microbial. 193 (12): 883-91 . doi:10 . 1007/s00203-011-0725-6. PMC 3219860. PMID 21713444.
Byarugaba, (2004) ; DK.A view on antimicrobial resistance in developing countries and responsible risk factors. Int J . antimicrob agents;24(2): 105-10
Ehinmidu Jo ,(2003); antibiotic susceptibility patterns of urine bacterial isolates in Zaria , Nigeria . Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical research December ; 2003 ; 2 (2) : 223 – 228
George M. Garrity, (2005) The Gammaproteobacteria. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2B (2nd ed.) New Yourk: Springer. PP. 1108. ISBN 978-987 -241-249.
Green Wood D , Barer M , Slack R , Irving W , (2012); medical microbiology A Guide to microbial infections , Pathogenesis , immunity , laboratory diagnosis and control ; Eighteen edition ; p 682 c 2012 Elsevier ltd. C crown copyright 2012/DSTL.
Gupta , K , Hooton, T. M. Andstamm , w. e, (2001). Increasing antimicrobial resistance and the management of uncomplicated community – acquired urinary tract infections . Ann . Intern. Med., 135: 41-50
Hajarnis S , (1996) ; suspected urinary tract infection : Identification of micro-organisms and sensitivity to antibiotics in Seychelles , SMDJ 1996 P. 3
Helms M, Vastrup P, Gerner –Smith P, Molbak K.(2002); Excess mortality associated with antimicrobial drug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium. Emerg Infect Dis : 8(5): 490-5.
Jhan Bapat SK . A(2005); study of sensitivity and resistance of pathogenic micro- organisms causing UTI in Kathmandu valley. Kathmandu university medical journal (2005) vol , 3, No-2, issue 10, 123-129 .
Jhon on A . G , Ziegler R . J , Hawley L . (2010); microbiology and immunology; P .87 ; fifth-edition ; copy right c 2010Lippincott Williams and Wilkins .
Levinson W , (2012); medical microbiology and immunology ; Twelfth – edition p 64 ,copy right c 2012 by the McGrow – Hill companies.
Manaal Zahera, Chetan Rastogi, Pushpendra Singh, Sana Iram, Shumaila Khalid and Akhilesh Kushwaha (2011); Isolation , Identification and Characterization of Escherichia coli from Urine Samples and their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern European Journal of Experimental Biology, 1 (2) : 118-124.
Odango C . O ,Anwar D A . Luryamamolk , Odango Op, (2013); Anti biograms from community –acquired uropathogens in Gulu , northern Uganda –across-sectional study , department of pharmacology and Therapeutics, faculty of medicine , Gulu university . P . O , box 166 , Gulu , Uganda . Codongo 76@ Gmail . com . BMC infect Dis .2013 Apr 29; 13;193 . doi : 10 . 11 86/ 1471 – 2334 – 13 -193 .
Parvin US, Hossain MA, Musa AK, Mahmoud C , Islam MT, Haque N (2009); Pattern of aerobic bacteria with antimicrobial susceptibility causing community acquired urinary trct infection. Mymensingh Medical
Potz NA, Hope R, Warner M, Johnson AP , Livermore DM, London and South East ESBL Project Group(2006); Prevalence and mechanisms of Cephalosporin resistance in Enterobacteriaciae in London and South East England. J Antimicrob Chemother. 58: 320-326.
Semra K, Suheyla S, Cenk S, Horu G, Mehmet G, Beril O. (2005); Increasing antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from community acquired UTI during 1998-2003 in Manisa, Turkey . Japan Journal of Infectious Disease; 58: 159-161 .
Taylor E.W .(1992); Infection in surgical practice ; P 207 ; Published in the United States by oxford university Press , New Yourk , ISBN 19-262023-1.
Theodore M(2007); Department of Applied microbiology and Brewing , Azikiwe N. university Awka Nigeria.
Prevalence and antibiogram of urinary tract infections among prison inmates in Nigeria , the internet journal of microbiology -2007 VOL.3 number 2 . Dol: 10 . 5 -557 -580.
Tobih JE, Taiwo SS, Olowe OA, Adejumao SD. (2006);Clinical and microbiological profiles of ear infections in Osogbo, Nigeria. Trop Doct; 36(3): 165-6.
Tortora G J , Funk E B .R , Case C . L , (2004); microbiology an introduction ;eighth – edition ; P, 744 ;copy right c 2004 by person education , inc .
Wagner G , (1990); urogenital infections in Kingsbur YD and Wagner G , microbiology ; P . 345 – 348 ; willy medical publication.
Zalmanovici Trestioreanu A , Green H , paul M , Yaphi J , Ieiboricil (2010)
Antimicrobial agents for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women . In Zalmanovici Treats urinary infection , anca , Cochrane Databse of systematic reviews -182.
