الإجازات العلمية بالأندلس: أنواعها وصورها (6-8هـ/ 12-14م)

Abstract

The scientific license is an Islamic educational tradition. Muslims have known it since the first Islamic centuries. When it appeared, it was intended for the sheikh to give the student to perform his narrations in the hadith of the Prophet without hearing it from him or reading it to him; It is performed on his behalf according to that permission, then the scholars expanded and gave them to each student the narration in hadith, readings, jurisprudence and other sciences. The scientific license is one of the forms of interaction and cultural communication between Islamic countries, and a definitive indication of the strength of the relationship that binds the sheikhs and students of knowledge, and that is why Andalusians, like others, were keen on the journey in seeking knowledge and obtaining a license. Since education is not subject to certain rules and programmes, the student was the one who chose the distinguished professor who was known for his ingenuity and ingenuity, and studied at his hands until he gained insight and depth in knowledge, and obtained from him the license that qualifies him to teach or address fatwas, and so on. For this reason, the scientific licenses were numerous, and their forms and methods varied, according