Prevalence of asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women in Sirte City (Libya).
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37375/sjms.v1i1.10الكلمات المفتاحية:
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)، Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB)، E. coli, Pregnancyالملخص
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is known as significant presence of pathogenic bacteria more as 105 CFU/ml in urine culture of pregnant women without any symptoms indicate of urinary tract infections. Which is may lead to serious complications on health of a pregnant woman, and the fetus if left untreated.
The purpose of this study was designed to find the prevalence of asymptomatic urinary tract infection (AUTI) among pregnant women, and also to determine the antibacterial susceptibility of the isolates to various antibiotics to reduce risk factors in pregnancy. However, little is known about asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy in Libya, namely in Sirte city.
A total of 265 samples were collected in 7 months study involving women attending antenatal clinics in Sirte City-Libya, mid-stream urine samples were collected for microscopically examination. A colony culture growth were identified by biochemical tests and conventional antibiotic susceptibility tested in microbiology laboratory. Isolates were identified and tested against commonly used antimicrobial drugs using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.
The prevalence of 265 pregnant women in different age groups were enrolled in this study, only 76 (28.7%) pregnant women had bacteriuria. The organism isolated from the urine sample according to the frequency of occurrence was Escherichia coli 32(42.1%), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus 11 (14.4%), Staphylococcus aureus 9(11.8%), Klebsiella Pneumoniae 9(11.8%), Streptococcus agalactiae 8 (10.5%), Enterococcus spp 5(6.6%), Proteus mirabilis 2(2.6%), respectively.
The overall prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in the study area was not high, but need to be taken on consider reducing risk of infections. The presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and their antibiotic susceptibility test results should be taken into consideration during the management of pregnant women who are visiting antenatal care clinic; because there was high resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics. Routine urine culture and antimicrobial sensitivity for antenatal women should be carried out to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria to treat early infections, to prevent any serious complication associated with pregnancy.
المراجع
Abderrazzack A, Salou M, Tigossou D, Chatte A, Tchoumbou B, Tidjani A. (2015). Sensibility of uropathogens in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria in Lome, Togo. Sci J Bio Sci. 4, pp. 30-5.
Aernan PT, Umeh E, Gberikon GM (2016). Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) In Pregnant Women Attending A Tertiary Health Care Centre In Makurdi, Central Nigeria. Int J Inn Res Adv Stud. 3, pp. 189-92.
Ahmad S, Shakooh S, Salati SA, Muneim A. (2011). Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Kashmir. Sri Lanka. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 33, pp. 158-162.
Ali I, Gebrecherkos T, Gizachew M, Menberu M (2018). Asymptomatic bacteriuria and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates among pregnant women attending Dessie referral hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. Turk J Urol. 44, pp. 251-60.
Almehdawi K, Ali R, Ismail F (2017). Bacteriuria in Pregnant and Non Pregnant Women in Benghazi Acomparative Study. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences. 12, pp. 13-137.
Angelescu K, Nussbaumer-Streit B, Sieben W, Scheibler F, Gartlehner G (2016). Benefits and harms of screening for and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: a systematic review. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 16, pp. 336-45.
Ankur G, Namita S, Sapna G, Anu P, Neha KM, Daniya S, Khushi A, Saroj S (2015). Prevalence of Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infections in the Three Trimesters of Pregnancy. Inte J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 1, pp. 110-117.
Arredondo-García JL and Amábile-Cuevas CF (2008). High resistance prevalence towards ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin, among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in Mexico City. J Infect Developing Countries. 2(5): pp 350-353.
Awoke N, Tekaligna T, Teshomea M, Lolasob T, Dendirc G, Suleiman M (2021). Bacterial Profile and asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Medicine. 1, pp. 1-8
Ayoyi A, Kikuvi G, Bii C, Kariuki S (2017). Prevalence, aetiology and antibiotic sensitivity profile of asymptomatic bacteriuria isolates from pregnant women in selected antenatal clinic from Nairobi, Kenya. Pan African Medical Journal. 26, pp. 41-48.
Ben Ashur A, El Magrahi H, Elkammoshi A, Shomakhi Y, Alaawaj W (2021). A Study of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women with and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Al-Jalla Gynecology Hospital, Tripoli, Libya. Alq J Med App Sci. 4(1): pp48-53.
Cheesbrough M (2006). Examinnation of urine. District Laboatory Practice in Tropical Countries. Part 2. United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York: Cambridge university press 2006; 105- pp15.
Emami A, Javanmardi F, Neda Pirbonyeh N (2020). Antibiotic resistant profile of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 18, pp. 1-24.
Enayat K, Fariba F, Bahram N (2008). Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Referred to Outpatient Clinics in Sanandaj, Iran. International Braz J Urol. 34, pp. 699-707.
Farshad S, EmamGhoraishi F, Japoni A (2010). Association of virulent genes hly, sfa, cnf-1 and pap with antibiotic sensitivity in Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with community-acquired UTI. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 1, pp. 33–37
Force USPST, Owens DK, Davidson KW, Krist AH, Barry MJ, Cabana M (2019). Screening for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Jama. 322, pp. 1188–94.
Gohar N, Haggag E, El Sharkawy M, Alalfy M (2019). The Value of Screening Pregnant Women for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Its Impact on Maternal and Neonatal Outcome. Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 28, pp. 109-114.
Jain V, Das V, Agarwal A, Pandey A (2013). Asymptomatic bacteriuria and obstetric outcome following treatment in early versus late pregnancy in north Indian women. Indian J Med Res. 137, pp. 753-738.
Jayalakshmi J and Jayaram VS. (2008). Evaluation of various screening tests to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 51, pp. 379-81.
Kamel HAH; Hegab MHM; Al-sehrawey AA; Hassan HM (2018). Prevalence of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Patients with Preterm Labour. The Egyptian journal of hospital medicine. 73, pp. 7444-7447
Kasinathan A and Thirumal P (2014). Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in antenatal women attending a tertiary care hospital. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 3, pp. 437–41.
Kazemier BM, Koningstein FN, Schneeberger C, Ott A, Bossuyt PM, de Miranda E (2015). Maternal and neonatal consequences of treated and untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: a prospective cohort study with an embedded randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Infectious diseases. 15, pp. 1324–33.
Khan S, Singh P, Siddiqui Z, Ansari M (2015). Pregnancyassociated asymptomatic bacteriuria and drug resistance. J Taibah University Med Sci. 10(3):pp 340-5.
Moyo S, Aboud S, Kasubi M, Maselle S (2010). Bacterial isolates and drug susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infection among pregnant women at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Health Research. 12, pp. 236-240.
Mukherjee K, Golia S , Vasudha CL , Babita , Bhattacharjee D, Chakroborti G (2014). A study on asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: prevalence, etiology and comparison of screening methods. Int J Res Med Sci. 2(3), pp1085-1091
Mwambete K and Msigwa M (2017). Prevalence of Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infections among Pregnant Women Residing in a Rural and an Urban Area in Tanzania. East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 20, pp. 27-32.
Mwei MK, Mchome B, John B, Maro E (2018). Asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in Northern Tanzania. Clin. Pract. 15, pp. 917-922.
Nabbugodi WF, Gichuhi JW, Mugo NW (2015). Prevalence of urinary tract infection, microbial aetiology, and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among antenatal women presenting with lower abdominal pains at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Open Access J Sci Technol. 3, pp. 11-15
Nicolle LE (2003). Asymptomatic bacteriuria: when to screen and when to treat. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 17, pp. 367-94.
Nteziyaremye J, Iramiot S, Nekaka R, Musaba M, Wandabwa J, Kisegerwa E, KiondoI P (2020). Asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Mbale Hospital, Eastern Uganda. PLoS One. 15, pp. e023052
Patnaik M, Panigrahi K, Das B, Pathi B, Poddar N, Lenka PR.(2017). Prevalence, risk factors and causative organisms of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Int J Adv Med. 4, pp. 1348-54.
Perera J, Randeniya C, Perera P, Gamhewage N, Jayalatharchchi R (2012). Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnancy: Prevalence, Risk fac¬tors and Causative Organisms. Sri Lankan J Inf Dis. 1, pp. 42-46.
Prasanna B, Naimisha M, Swathi K, Shaik MV (2015). Prevalence of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant women, Isolates, and their Culture Sensitivity Pattern. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 4, pp. 28-35.
Quadri S, Al-Turki H , Al-Zaid Z , Al-Omair M , Al-Zaid J , Al-Qahtani N (2019). Prevalence and Characteristics of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 13, pp. 7-11.
Rizvi M, Khan F, Shukla I, Malik A, Shaheen S (2011). Rising Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections During Pregnancy: Necessity for Exploring Newer Treatment Options. J Lab Physicians. 3, pp. 98–103.
Sandhya K, Mispah C, Kelamane S (2019). Study of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women: prevalence, isolates and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Int J Res Med Sci. 7, pp. 962-966.
Schnarr J and Smaill F (2008): Asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections in pregnancy. European Journal of clinical investigation. 38, pp. 50-57.
Smaill F. (2007) Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 21, pp. 439-450.
Smaill FM, Vazquez JC (2015). Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 7, pp. CD000490.
Sonkar N, Banerjee M, Gupta S, Ahmad A (2021). Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Lucknow, India. Dubai Med J. 4, pp. 18–25
Sujatha R and Nawani M (2014). Prevalence of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and its Antibacterial Susceptibility Pattern among Pregnant Women Attending the Antenatal Clinic at Kanpur, India. J Clin Diagn Res. 8, pp. DC01-DC03
Sultan A, Rizvi M, Khan F, Sami H, Shukla I, Khan HM. (2015) Increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens: Is fosfomycin the answer? Urol Ann. 7, pp. 26– 30.
Tadesse E, Teshome M, Merid Y, Kibret B, Shimelis T (2014). Asymptomatic urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of Hawassa Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes. 7, pp. 155-159.
Tamalli. M, Sangar B, AlghazalA (2013). Urinary tract infection during pregnancy at Al-khoms, Libya. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 3, pp. 455-459.
Wingert A, Pillay J, Sebastianski M, Michelle Gates M, Featherstone R, Shave K, Vandermeer B, Hartling L (2019). Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: systematic reviews of screening and treatment effectiveness and patient preferences. BMJ. 9, pp. 1-10.
Wingert A, Pillay J, Sebastianski M, Gates M, Featherstone R, Shave K (2019). Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: systematic reviews of screening and treatment effectiveness and patient preferences. BMJ open. 9, pp. e021347.
