Comprehensive Review of the Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Ecological Relevance of Artemisia herba-alba
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3643Keywords:
Artemisia herba-alba, essential oils, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, allelopathy, ecological adaptationAbstract
Artemisia herba-alba is a perennial aromatic plant common in arid and semi-arid regions and known for its medicinal, ecological, and industrial importance. This review presents updated insights into its phytochemical profile, essential oils, biological activities, and adaptive physiology. The essential oils are rich in monoterpenes such as 1,8-cineole, camphor, thujone, and borneol, showing strong antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Phenolic compounds enhance antioxidant and allelopathic functions, influencing seed germination and enzymatic regulation. Recent studies have revealed eco-friendly uses, including corrosion inhibition and natural insecticidal effects. Physiological and biochemical assessments confirm drought tolerance through osmoprotective accumulation of sugars and proline and activation of antioxidant enzymes. Molecular analyses using ISSR, RAPD, and DNA barcoding show high genetic diversity linked to ecological and geographical variations. Further integration of omics technologies and applied studies will advance the pharmacological, ecological, and economic utilization of this species.
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