التحليل المكاني للتفاوت في مظاهر السطح والأمطار وانعكاسه على بعض خصائص آبار المياه الجوفية في مدينة البيضاء
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37375/abhat.v18i1.3925الكلمات المفتاحية:
مظاهر السطح، الخشونة الطبوغرافية، تجمع المياه،، النمذجة المكانية الإحصائية، مدينة البيضاءالملخص
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل التباين المكاني لعمق وإنتاجية آبار المياه الجوفية وعلاقتها بمظاهر السطح والأمطار بمدينة البيضاء، واعتمدت الدراسة على دمج البيانات الميدانية لآبار المياه مع أنموذج الارتفاع الرقمي من القمر (ASTER) وبيانات الأمطار بتوظيف تقنيات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية والاستشعار عن بعد في النمذجة المكانية الإحصائية باستخدام أنموذج الانحدار الجغرافي الموزون ومؤشرات الخشونة الطبوغرافية (TRI) ومؤشر تجمع المياه بناءً على فروقات الارتفاع ((TWI. وأظهرت الدراسة أنّ توزيع الآبار يتسم بالنمط العشوائي مع تمركز نسبي داخل النطاق الحضري للمدينة، في حين كشفت الخصائص الطبوغرافية عن تباين واضح في الارتفاع والانحدار ومؤشري الخشونة الطبوغرافية وتجمع المياه، وأثبت أنموذج الانحدار الجغرافي الموزون قدرة تفسيرية مرتفعة في تفسير التفاوت المكاني لكل من أعماق وإنتاجية الآبار، حيث بلغ معامل التفسير نحو 0.81 للأعماق و0.86 للإنتاجية، كما بيّنت النتائج أنّ الارتفاع وكميات الأمطار ومؤشر تجمع المياه تؤثر إيجابيًا في إنتاجية الآبار، في حين يسهم تزايد الخشونة الطبوغرافية وعمق البئر في خفض الإنتاجية. وتؤكد الدراسة أهمية التفاعل بين العوامل الطبوغرافية والمناخية في التحكم بسلوك المياه الجوفية، وتبرز الدور المحوري للتحليل المكاني في دعم الإدارة المستدامة لموارد المياه الجوفية في المناطق الجبلية.
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