The Effect of Rainfall Concentration and Peak on the Cultivation and Production of Barley in the Butnan Region

Abstract

This study aims to shed light on the main food sources in the world, with a focus on barley, which is one of the most important food crops for animal feed, especially in winter when natural pastures are weak. Local communities rely heavily on wheat as a staple food, which enhances the importance of barley as an alternative in times of scarcity. The study is based on an analysis of climate data from 1980 to 2020, where it was noted that rainfall amounts are concentrated in only three months (December, January, and February), with significant variation in the rest of the months, which poses challenges for farmers. The study also indicates the geographical locations suitable for barley cultivation, as it is concentrated in lowlands known as "Saqayef", which are estimated at 40 thousand hectares, while open areas (70 thousand hectares) show lower productivity due to the high percentage of salts. Saqayef grains have more fertile soil, where water collects with rain, and this type of Saqayef extends from Tobruk to Ain Ghazala. The study concludes with recommendations to improve barley cultivation and enhance the sustainability of food sources.