بلقاسم ب. ع., مراد ب. and محمد ب. ب. (2020) “Causality of the relationship between various indicators of external flows in Algeria: an analytical and measurement study for the period 1970 - 2018”, Economic studies journal, 3(3), pp. 125–143. doi: 10.37375/esj.v3i3.2070.