بلقاسم ب.ع., مراد ب. and محمد ب.ب. 2020. Causality of the relationship between various indicators of external flows in Algeria: an analytical and measurement study for the period 1970 - 2018. Economic studies journal. 3, 3 (Jul. 2020), 125–143. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37375/esj.v3i3.2070.