الشراكة بين الأمم المتحدة والاتحاد الأوروبي في تسوية الصراعات بعد الحرب الباردة (1990-2018)

- Aning ,Kwesi and Danso ,Kwaku F.(2010),” EU and AU Operations in Africa: Lessons Learned and Future Scenarios”, in (ed) Nicoletta Pirozzi, ENSURING PEACE AND SECURITY IN AFRICA: IMPLEMENTING THE NEW AFRICA-EU PARTNERSHIP,( Roma: Istituto Affari Internazionali),pp53-54.

- Annual report (2018) of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General, A/HRC/8/18,April /18/ 2018.General Assembly, United Nations,p4.

- Assanvo ,William and Pout1,(2007),Christian E. B., The European Union (EU): African Peace and Security Environment‟s Champion?,( Paris: Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégique),p20

- Barqueiro ,Carla , Seaman ,Kate and Towey, Katherine Teresa,( 2016)," Regional Organizations and Responsibility to Protect: Normative Reframing or Normative Change?", Politics and Governance,( Lisbon, Portugal: licensee Cogitatio, Volume 4, Issue 3),PP40-41.

- Bremberg ,Niklas, (2018),"EUROPEAN REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND CLIMATE-RELATED SECURITY RISKS: EU, OSCE AND NATO", sipri,( Stockholm: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Press, no.1/,P10.

- Chivvis, Christopher S.(2010),EU Civilian Crisis Management The Record So Far, Santa Monica, CA,USA, RAND Corporation ,P5.

- Cristina ,Carmen,(2015),EU-UN cooperation in peacekeeping and crisis management, Brussels: European Parliamentary Research Service.P8.

- Dijkstra, Hylke,(2018),"Implementing the integrated approach: Investing in other international organizations",Brussels, Foundation for European Progressive Studies (FEPS), Pp6-7.

- EU, UN “spotlight initiative” inspires urgency to end violence against women, girls, http://www.zw.one.un.org/newsroom/news/eu-un-%E2%80%9Cspotlight-initiative%E2%80%9D-inspires-urgency-end-violence-against-women-girls .

- Fiott, Daniel and Bund, Jakob,( 2018),EUISS Yearbook of European Security ,YES 2018, Luxembourg: European Union Institute for Security Studies,P35.

- Fawcett, Louise, (2013),The History and Concept of Regionalism,( Potterierei: United Nations University Institute on Comparative Regional Integration Studies.

- Gourlay, Catriona,(2009), EU–UN Cooperation in Peace building Partners in Practice?, Geneva: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research ,P72.

- Gowan ,Richard,(2015), EUROPEAN MILITARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO UN PEACE OPERATIONS IN AFRICA Maximizing Strategic Impact, New York: Center on International Cooperation ,P 7.

- Haddadi, Mahdi ( 2015)"Regional Organizations and International Peace and Security in the Middle East", International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Pakistan: Human Resource Management Academic Research Society,Vol. 5, No. 3,P282.

- Hansen ,Holley E. and C. Nemeth ,Stephen ,( 2008)," International Organization Mediation of Interstate Conflicts: Moving beyond the Global versus Regional Dichotomy”, The Journal of Conflict Resolution,( College Park : The University of Maryland, Sage Publications, Inc, Vol. 52, No. 2Apr,)p295.

- Haugevik,Kristin .M,(2007),New partners, new possibilities: The evolution of inter-organizational security cooperation in international peace operations,( C.J. Hambrosplass: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs).

- Hopi ,Ozal,(2012)," The EU Foreign and Security Policy after the Cold War: In Search of Identity and Role", POLIS Journal,Leeds:University of Leeds, Vol. 6, Winter 2011/2012,P7.

- Independent Commission on Multilateralism,(2016), The Relationship Between the UN and Regional Organizations, Civil Society, NGOs, and the Private Sector, Discussion Paper, NewYork: International peace institute ,P2.

- Khol ,Radek,(2006),” Civil-Military Co-ordination in EU crisis management”, in Agnieszka Nowak (ed),Civilian crisis management:the EU way,( Paris: Institute for Security Studies),p136.

- Kogaliceanu, Mihail,( 2013), The evolving role of regional Organizations in the maintenance of international peace and security,(Bucharest: Bucharest International Student MUN).

- Nilsson ,Claes and Zetterlund Kristina,(2014),Ready or Not? Revamping UN Peacekeeping for the 21st Century, Stockholm: Swedish Defence Research Agency ,p10.

- Novosseloff, Alexandra,(2011), Options for improving EU-UN cooperation in the field of peacekeeping,( Brussels: Global Governance Institute,2011),pp2-3

- MARCHESI ,DANIELE,(2012), The Weak Link: EU-UN Cooperation and Effective Multilateralism in The Mediterranean and The Middle East, Thesis defended in Köln on 20 November 2012,Promotion on 14 December 2012.

- MERRILLS J. G,( 2005), International Dispute Settlement, Fourth Edition,(Cambridge: Cambridge university press).

- Ortega ,Martin,(2004),” The EU and the UN: Strengthening Global Security” in Espen Barth Eide(ed), „Effective Multilateralism‟: Europe, Regional Security0and a Revitalised UN,( London: The Foreign Policy Centre and British Council Brussels),p11.

- OSCE,(2011) Perspectives of the UN & Regional Organizations on Preventive and Quiet Diplomacy,Dialogue Facilitation and Mediation:Common Challenges &Good Practices (Veina: OSCE).

- Pierre, Kristine St-,(2007),” Hybridizing UN Peace Operations: The Role of the European Union and Canada”, Review of European and Russian Affairs ,( Ottawa: Center for European Studies, Carleton University, vol. 3 ,issue 2),p25.

- Pirozzi ,Nicoletta,(2010),"The EU’s Contribution to the Effectiveness of the UN Security Council: Representation, Coordination and Outreach",Roma: Istituto Affari Internazionali ,p6.

- Report of the Secretary General to the General Assembly and the Security Council,( 1995) Supplement to an Agenda for Peace: Position Paper of the Secretary General on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations, A/50/60-S/1995/1, 3 January 1995. For the full text of this report please visit: http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs /50/plenary/a50-60.htm .

- Report of the Secretary General Ban-Ki-Moon, Preventive Diplomacy: Delivering Results, 2011. http://peace maker.un.org/sites/peacemaker . un.org/files/SGReport _Preventive Diplomacy _S2011552(English)_1.pdf

- R., Väyrynen, (2003) "Regionalism: Old and New", International Studies Review ( Helsinki :International Studies Review, volum. 5,N 1.

- Secretary General’s report on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa1998, for the full text of this report please visit: http://www.security council report.org/atf/cf/ %7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3- CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/UNRO%20S1998%20318.pdf .

- Skara ,Gentjan,(2014)"The Role of the EU as a Peacebuilder in the Western Balkans", ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN AFFAIRS, Romania: European Institute of Romania,Vol. 14, No. 4, December,P27.

- STOCK ,CHRISTIAN,( 2011), A MANDATE IS NOT ENOUGH: The Security Council and Peacekeeping,( Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Global Policy and Development Department ).

- Tardy ,Thierry,(2019)," The European Union and UN Peace Operations: What Global–Regional Peace and Security Partnership?", in Cedric de Coning • Mateja Peter,(eds),United Nations Peace Operations in a Changing Global Order, Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan ,p234.

regional organisations on peace building” in Philippe De Lombaerde(ed ) Assessment and Measurement of Regional Integration (New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library).

- The summary statement(1998) from the third high-level meeting between the Secretary-General and Regional Organizations. For the full text of this statement please visit: http://www.security council report.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3- CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/UNRO%20S1998%20785.pdf .

- United Nations ,General Assembly,(1994). Declaration on the Enhancement of Cooperation Between United Nations and Regional Arrangements or Agencies in the Maintenance of International Peace and Security, A/RES/49/57, 9 December 1994. For the full text of this declaration please visit: http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/49/a49r057.htm .

- See: 2005 World Summit Outcome,(2005), A/RES/60/1, 24 October 2005. For the full text of this resolution please visit: http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3- CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/UNRO %20ARES%2060%201.pdf .

- United Nations ,Security Council, S/RES/1631 (2005). For the full text of this resolution please visit: http://www.security councilreport .org /atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3- CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/UNRO%20SRES%201631.pdf .

- United Nations Office in Brussels,(2019), SAVING AND EMPOWERING LIVES PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE EUROPEAN UNION IN 2014-2015, Brussels, Belgium: United Nations Office in Brussels , 2016,p 15 .retrieved on 942019, 0634 , https://www.unbrussels.org/.

- UNRIC,(2007), How the European Union and the United Nations cooperate,( Bonn: United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe),p8.

- WENSINK ,Wim and etal,(2017), The European Union‟s Policies on Counter-Terrorism Relevance, Coherence and Effectiveness, Brussels: European Union,P15.

- Wouters ,Jan, (2007),The United Nations and the European Union: Partners in Multilateralism,( Bruges: College of Europe, Department of EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies),p16.ctober

- Wouters, Jan ( 2007b)The United Nations and the European Union: Partners in Multilateralism, paper presented to EU Diplomacy,( Bruges: College of Europe, Department of EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies),p01.

- Yamchuk ,Anna,(2014),"The EU-UN cooperation for maintaining international peace and security", EASTERN JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES, Romania:The Centre for European Studies within Ale