The effect of sowing depth on the some growth characteristics , yield and its components in three wheat cultivars(Triticum aestivum L.) under dry farming system at EL-Gabal EL-Akhdar - Libya
Keywords:
: cultivar Wheat ,, sowing depth,, grain yieldAbstract
A field experiment was carried out during the winter growing season of 2016 - 2017 and 2017/2018 , Faculty of Agricultural, Omer AL-Mukhtar University, EL-Badia, Libya to study the effect of depth of agriculture (3- 6- 9) on some characteristics of growth and components of three cultivar s of wheat ( Kzino- AL-Kofra- AL-masry) AL Jabal AL –Akhdar conditions, Experiment was laid out in a Split plot design with three replication
The results indicated a significant superiority of the 3 cm depth, compared to the other depths, in initiation of germination and the characteristics of growth where it
gave the least number of days to emergence (7.89 – 11.89 days), and leaf area was completed 27.47 – 20.49 and the highest average growth rate (0.59 , 1.91 g/ day) in the two seasons. and fresh weight1.29 (g) during the first season and plant height (80.03 cm) ,number of spikes / m2 (550.5), number of grain / spike58.51 and 1000 grain weight (43.87 g) grain yield 1.72 ton/ ha ـ in the second season
Varieties also showed a significant difference, kzino variety gave the highest values in leaf area 26.61 cm2 ,plant height 83.4 cm and number of grain / spike 55.42 compared with cultivars during the first season.. AL-masry variety gave the highest number of spikes/ m2 (568.16). during the first season and fresh weigh ( 3.72 g), plant height ( 81.77 cm) and grain, biological, Straw yields (1.60, 10.55. 8.95t/ ha in the second season
in the second season. AL-kofra cultivar gave highest 1000 grain weight (43.05 g) and kzino cultivar lowest value 36.5 g 1000 grain weight.
References
الجاسم ، عبدالستار محمد علي .2005 . تأثير طرائق الحراثة وأعماق البذار في حاصل الحنطة ومكوناته تحت منظومة الري بالرش . المجلة العراقية لعلوم التربة 5 (1) : 113-112.
العزي، خالد حاتم علي. 2004. تأثير عمق ريه الانبات والبذار والحرثة في حاصل الحنطة ومكوناته تحت نظام الري بالرش المحوري. رسالة ماجستير. قسم التربة والمياه . كلية الزراعة . جامعة بغداد. ع ص 49.
المخيول، فائز فوزي مجيد.2005 .تأثير أعماق وسرع البذار الزراعية ونوع الباذرة في نمو حاصل الحنطة.رسالة.ماجستير. قسم الميكنة.كلية الزراعة. جامعة بغداد. ع ص 68 .
جــــلو، رياض عبد الجليل ,احمد طلال فزع ,رزان زهير البيروتي , صبحي هادي شاكر .2009 . تأثير حجم البذرة وعمق الزراعة على نسبة الانبات الحقلي وعلاقتهما بالحاصل ومكوناته لمحصول الذرة الصفراء. مجلة الزراعة العراقية )عدد 14 . 20-9: (7)
مهــــدي، علي سليم حسين وجاسم محمد اسماعيل وكفاح توفيق صالح .2002 .استنباط صنف جديد من الحنطة الناعمة للمنطقة الوسطى من العراق . مجلة الزراعة العراقية (عدد خاص) وقائع المؤتمر العلمي الرابع للبحوث الزر اعية 7(4(.
Aikins S.H.M., Afuakwa, J.J. and Baidoo, D. 2006. Effect of Planting Depth on Maize Stand Establishment. Journal of the Ghana Institution of Engineers. 4(2): 20-25.
Amaya,A.A.; Busch , R.H. and Lebsock , K.L. (1972).Estimates of genetic effects of heading date , plant height and grain yield in durum wheat . Crop Sci . 12 : 478 – 481.
Anderson, W.K., and J.R. Garlinge . 2000. The Wheat Book – Principles and Practice. Agriculture Western Austeralia Bulletin 4443, P.39-52.
Black , C.A. 1965. Methods of soil analysis . Amer . Soc . Agron . Inc . Publisher , Madison , Wisconsin , U.S.A.
Bulman, P.L. and L.A.Hunt.1988. Relationship among tillering spike number and grain yield in winter wheat in Ontario.J. of plant Sci. 68: 583-596.
Cartter ,M.W.and Poneliet ,G.G.(1973) .Black layer maturity and filling period variation among inbred lines of corn Crop Sci. 13 : 436 – 439.
Loeppky H, Lafond GP, Fowler DB (1989). Seeding depth in relation to plant development, winter survival, and yield of no till winter wheat. Agron. J. 81: 125-129.
Mahdi, Bell CJ, Ryan J (1998). Establishment and yield of wheat(Triticum turgidum L.) after early sowing at various depths in a semiarid Mediterranean environ. Field Crops Res. 58: 187-196.
Mullen C.L., Holland, J.F. and Heuke, L. 2003. AGFACTS: Cowpea, lablab and pigeon pea. Available online: http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0006/157 488/cowpea-lablab-pigeon-pea.pdf
Photiades I, Hadjichristodoulou A (1984). Sowing date, sowing depth, seed rate and row spacing of wheat and barley under dryland conditions. Field Crops Res. 9: 151-162.
Radford, P. J. 1967. Growth analysis formulate-their use and abuse. Crop Sci. 7: 171- 175.
Rebetzke GJ, Richards RA, Fettell NA, Long, MA, Condon G, Forrester RI, Botwright TL (2007). Genotypic increases in coleoptile length improves stand establishment, vigour and grain yield of deep-sown wheat. Field Crops Res. 100: 10-23.
Sayre, K.D,and O.H.Moreno. 1997. Applications of raised-beds planting systems to wheat. Special report. No.31 Mexico.(D.F) CIMMYT.
Sinclair T.R., 1991. Canopy carbon assimilation and radiation use efficiency dependence on leaf nitrogen content. In: Boote-J. and Loomis, R.S. (eds.). Modeling crop photosynthes from biochemistry canopy. Am. Soc. of Agron. Madison, WI., pp. 95-107.
Steel, R . G. D and torrie.(1980). Principles and procedures of statistics. N.y.2nd ed. Mc. Graw-hill, n.y. Usa. Pp.633>
Sun, D., Dickinson, G. and A.Bragg.1994.The establishment of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on a tropical saline site in north Queensland Australia Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 48:1-8.
Thomas , H .(1975). The growth response of weather of simulated vegetative swards of single genotype of Loium perenne. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 84 : 333-343.
Yagmur, M. and D.Kaydan .2009. The effects of different sowing depth on grain yield and some grain yield components in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under dryland conditions. Afri.J.Biol. 8 (2): 196 - 201.
