Albayan Scientific Journal
type: channel
description: هي مجلة علمية محكَّمة تصدر دورياً عن نقابة أعضاء هيئة التدريس بجامعة سرت، أُنشأت بموجب قرار السيد نقيب عام أعضاء هيئة التدريس الجامعي بليبيا رقم (9) لسنة 2018 م، تحت إشراف الهيئة الليبية للبحث العلمي، تُعنى بنشر البحوث والدراسات العلميَّة الموثقة لأعضاء هيئة التدريس في مختلف المجالات. رقم الايداع بدار الكتب الوطنية بنغازي (212 /2019 ) ISSN:2790-0614
publisher: نقابة أعضاء هيئة التدريس -جامعة سرت
language: en
publication name: Albayan Scientific Journal
issn: 2790-0614
items: A Generalized Extreme Value Naïve Bayes Framework for Classifying Univariate Extreme Value
items: Solution of Abel's Integral Equation By Using Sawi Integral Transform
items: Effect of Chemical Inducers and Fungicides on Powdery Mildew ((Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei)Disease and Yield Traits of Two Barley Cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.)
items: Comprehensive Review of the Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Ecological Relevance of Artemisia herba-alba
items: Invivo study to demonstrate the therapeutic role of 1,8-Cineole in respiratory disorders
items: The Future of Solar Energy in Libya: Reality, Challenges and Future Opportunities
items: A Multidisciplinary Risk Assessment of Pressure Vessel Integrity and Hazardous Area Classification in n-Heptane Handling Operations
items: The impact of external auditors' practice of electronic auditing on the detection of financial fraud (Field study on Libyan external auditors)
items: The Effect of Dry Baker’s Yeast Extract on Enhancing Plant Growth, Delaying Senescence, and the Quantitative Determination of Vital Vitamins in the Flowers of Celosia argentea L. Using HPLC
items: The ICAO’s Ability to Ensuring Air Navigation Safety in Conflict Zones in Middle East
items: Assessment of the Quality of Rainwater Collected by Roman Wells in Umm Saad Municipality
items: Efficient use of agricultural land resources for the production of some vegetable crops in Libya Case study of Al-Qubbah Municipality during the 2021-2022 season
items: The genius of Imam Bukhari and his innovations in classification
items: The Permissibility of Accusative the Described Definite Singular Vocative with Intent and Addressing
items: The Medical and Medical Treatments In the Agalabid State (184-296AH/800-906AD)
items: The Scientific and Intellectual Renaissance in the Rustamid State 160-296 AH / 777-909 AD
items: Integrating Libyan Folk Literary Heritage into Educational Curricula: A Descriptive and Analytical Study
items: Scohool Maltreatment and Psychological Safety among sixth and seventh Grade Students in Basic Education Stage According to Some Variables ducation Stage According to Some Variables
items: Academic and practical challenges Encountered by Sociology students during the preparation of Graduation projects
items: Physical Education Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Their Profession in the Basic Education Stage – Western Zawiya Education Supervision
items: The reality of applying partial systems for human resources management at Al-Kuwayfiya Hospital for Chest Diseases
items: Total Quality Management and Its Impact on Sustainable Performance in Hospitals (A Field Study from the Perspective of Employees at Martyr Mohamed Al-Magarif Teaching Hospital – Ajdabiya
items: Challenges of the Academic Training and Development Center in Delivering Training Programs for Academic Leaders at Al-Mahra University
items: The Legal Dilemma of Law Promulgation in Libya A Comparative Analytical Approach
items: Electronic surveillance in labor relations using digital platforms
items: Study of the inhibitory ability of honey against some types of gram- positive and gram-negative bacteria
items: Original Article Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Dentists towards Radiation Safety Procedures: A
items: Agriculture in the region during the Italian era 1922-1940AD
items: البُعد الديني في العلاقات الدولية
items: Economic Globalization from a Philosophical Perspective "An Analytical Study of its Ideological Dimension"

A Generalized Extreme Value Naïve Bayes Framework for Classifying Univariate Extreme Value
type: item
description: This paper aims to develop a model that predicts the class of extreme values by utilizing the Naïve Bayes algorithm and employing statistical models from Extreme Value Theory (EVT). It aligns with recent interests in creating innovative algorithms that integrate both machine learning (ML) and EVT. The model is developed using simulated data, and the experimental results demonstrate significant performance, achieving an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.98, along with an AUC of 0.97. The MATLAB software package is used to model and implement the proposed algorithm, which establishes a classification rule for determining the class of extreme values.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Extreme value theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Generalized Extreme Value distribution
  topic: keywords
subject: Naïve Baayes
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine Learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Zahra Alghanay Mohammed
creator: Souad A. Abumaryam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
starting page: 375
ending page: 392
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3657

Solution of Abel's Integral Equation By Using Sawi Integral Transform
type: item
description: In this work, we introduce a new application for solving a singular integral equation; specifically, Abel's integral equation of the first type using Sawi integral transform. We provide a number of examples of demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested approach. Results indicate that, the Sawi integral transformation is a very helpful and efficient integration tool for solving and simplifying this type of integral equation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Abel's Integral Equation
  topic: keywords
subject: Convolution
  topic: keywords
subject: Sawi Transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Inverse Sawi Transformation
  topic: keywords
creator: Hanan A. Maity
creator: Eman A. Maity
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 393
ending page: 400
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3650

Effect of Chemical Inducers and Fungicides on Powdery Mildew ((Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei)Disease and Yield Traits of Two Barley Cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.)
type: item
description: Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei, is a major biotic threat to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in arid and semi-arid regions. This study assessed four chemical inducers (salicylic acid, oxalic acid, tannic acid, and benzothiazole) and two fungicides (mancozeb and thiophanate-methyl [Topsin-M70%]) for their efficacy in reducing disease severity and enhancing yield traits in two barley cultivars (‘Areg’ and ‘Wady Bargoge’) under Libyan field conditions. The RCBD experiment with three replications included foliar applications at heading and ten days later. Results showed that benzothiazole was the most effective, markedly lowering disease severity and incidence while improving grain yield and related traits. The Areg cultivar exhibited higher responsiveness than Wady Bargoge, whereas Topsin-M70% showed the weakest effect. Findings highlight benzothiazole’s potential as a sustainable alternative to conventional fungicides and its integration into eco-friendly disease management systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hordeum vulgare
  topic: keywords
subject: powdery mildew
  topic: keywords
subject: benzothiazole
  topic: keywords
subject: induced resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: fungicides
  topic: keywords
subject: Libya
  topic: keywords
creator: Muna N. Ekrim
creator: Al-Sadek M. Ghazala
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 346
ending page: 358
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3644

Comprehensive Review of the Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Ecological Relevance of Artemisia herba-alba
type: item
description: Artemisia herba-alba is a perennial aromatic plant common in arid and semi-arid regions and known for its medicinal, ecological, and industrial importance. This review presents updated insights into its phytochemical profile, essential oils, biological activities, and adaptive physiology. The essential oils are rich in monoterpenes such as 1,8-cineole, camphor, thujone, and borneol, showing strong antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Phenolic compounds enhance antioxidant and allelopathic functions, influencing seed germination and enzymatic regulation. Recent studies have revealed eco-friendly uses, including corrosion inhibition and natural insecticidal effects. Physiological and biochemical assessments confirm drought tolerance through osmoprotective accumulation of sugars and proline and activation of antioxidant enzymes. Molecular analyses using ISSR, RAPD, and DNA barcoding show high genetic diversity linked to ecological and geographical variations. Further integration of omics technologies and applied studies will advance the pharmacological, ecological, and economic utilization of this species.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artemisia herba-alba
  topic: keywords
subject: essential oils
  topic: keywords
subject: phenolic compounds
  topic: keywords
subject: antioxidant activity
  topic: keywords
subject: allelopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: ecological adaptation
  topic: keywords
creator: Thurya Saleh Faraj
creator: Al-Naji Al-Mabrouk Al-Mansouri
creator: Marwa younis Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 366
ending page: 374
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3643

Invivo study to demonstrate the therapeutic role of 1,8-Cineole in respiratory disorders
type: item
description: Eucalyptol also known as 1,8-Cineole is a monoterpenoid compound that occurs in the essential OIls of leaves of various species belonging to different families, including Eucalyptus, Rosemary & Bay Laurel. Due to its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, expectorant, analgesic, and other activities, this compound has attracted much attention. 1,8-Cineole has a large therapeutic potential use, such as respiratory treatments, pain relief and in aromatherapy. Lobelia has found widespread use in medicinal preparations as an adjunct in relieving air-passage restrictions and in assisting with mucus expulsion in the management of asthma, bronchitis, and sinusitis. Additionally, the antinociceptive properties of 1,8-Cineole provide an alternative mechanism of pain relief that is less reliant on established pathways of pain hypersensitization which have shown efficacy across numerous preclinical and clinical pain paradigms in addition to peripheral central sensitization in a host of pain models.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 1,8-Cineole
  topic: keywords
subject: Therapeutic
  topic: keywords
subject: Aerosol Dilator
  topic: keywords
subject: Analgesic
  topic: keywords
subject: Anti-inflammatory
  topic: keywords
creator: Salem O.A Abdalla
creator: Mohamed A. Zarka
creator: Fatma alsharif
creator: Khairiya Ohaida Ahmed
creator: Muftah O.A.S.Aboksisa
creator: Bothina Abd Al kareemSuliman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 337
ending page: 345
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3642

The Future of Solar Energy in Libya: Reality, Challenges and Future Opportunities
type: item
description: Solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources with significant potential to achieve environmental and economic sustainability, due to its role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. This study aims to explore citizens’ perspectives on the future of solar energy in Libya, focusing on their awareness of its benefits and the challenges to its adoption. The study targeted a sample of high school, university, and postgraduate degree holders in western Libya during the Fall semester of 2024, with data collected through an online questionnaire. The results indicate that more than half of the participants are unaware of a clear governmental plan to adopt solar energy, while most believe that the government may begin implementing it within 10–15 years, provided that adequate infrastructure and investments are in place. The majority also expressed willingness to use solar energy in their homes if incentives and governmental support were available. The study concludes that Libya possesses natural conditions that could make it a leading country in solar energy utilization; however, achieving this requires supportive policies, infrastructure development, increased public awareness, and overcoming economic and technical barriers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Solar energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Renewable energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Fossil fuels
  topic: keywords
subject: Libya
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Infrastructure
  topic: keywords
creator: Basmah A. Aldeeb
creator: Mohammed Q. Bahmi
creator: Wafa A. Aldeeb
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 359
ending page: 365
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3641

A Multidisciplinary Risk Assessment of Pressure Vessel Integrity and Hazardous Area Classification in n-Heptane Handling Operations
type: item
description: This multidisciplinary study assesses risks in a high-pressure vessel storing flammable n-heptane. Using failure diagrams, corrosion modeling, and hazard zoning, it provides a holistic safety evaluation. Results show structural integrity is highly pressure-sensitive, with 60 MPa causing near-critical stress versus safe operation at 30 MPa. Corrosion modeling predicted a 0.92 mm wall loss over 20 years, remaining within safety limits. Vapor dispersion ranged from 2.99–13.86 m, informing electrical and ventilation designs. The research underscores integrating engineering disciplines for predictive safety strategies and promotes inherent safety over add-on measures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pressure Vessel
  topic: keywords
subject: Fracture Mechanics
  topic: keywords
subject: Corrosion Rate
  topic: keywords
subject: n-Heptane
  topic: keywords
subject: Inherent Safety
  topic: keywords
creator: Essa Shawail
creator: Faraj Zaid
creator: Magdi Buaisha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 324
ending page: 336
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3640

The impact of external auditors' practice of electronic auditing on the detection of financial fraud (Field study on Libyan external auditors)
type: item
description: This study aims to identify the impact of external auditors' use of electronic auditing techniques on detecting financial fraud, while examining the interactive role of both their awareness of forensic accounting skills and their understanding of the basic ethical principles of forensic accounting service providers. A descriptive–analytical approach was adopted, and data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of 110 external auditors in Libya, of which 100 valid responses were analyzed using Smart PLS 4.1. The results revealed that electronic auditing has a significant and positive effect on fraud detection, highlighting it as the most influential factor. Forensic accounting skills also showed a positive and statistically significant effect, though with a smaller impact, whereas ethical principles did not demonstrate a direct significant relationship with fraud detection. The model explained 23.3% of the variance in fraud detection, indicating a moderate explanatory power. Based on these findings, the study recommends strengthening the adoption of electronic auditing technologies, organizing specialized training programs in forensic accounting skills, enhancing accounting curricula to integrate electronic auditing and forensic accounting, and revising professional codes of ethics to link them with practical applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Electronic auditing
  topic: keywords
subject: External auditors
  topic: keywords
subject: Fraud detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Forensic accounting skills
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical principles
  topic: keywords
creator: Tarek A. Elsharif
creator: ABDULHAFITH. A. ZAYD
creator: Faisal Almagrpy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 323
ending page: 299
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3639

The Effect of Dry Baker’s Yeast Extract on Enhancing Plant Growth, Delaying Senescence, and the Quantitative Determination of Vital Vitamins in the Flowers of Celosia argentea L. Using HPLC
type: item
description: This study evaluated the effect of dry baker’s yeast extract on the growth performance and essential oil content of Celosia argentea L. (Amaranthaceae) flowers, along with the quantification of biologically active vitamins using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Seeds of C. piumosa were cultivated in a greenhouse at the College of Environment and Natural Resources, and plants were treated by foliar spraying with yeast extract at concentrations of 4, 8, 12, and 16 g/L, in addition to control plants sprayed with distilled water. Plants were grown until seed formation, and vegetative and floral parameters including stem length, number of leaves and branches, number and length of inflorescences, leaf area, total chlorophyll, seed weight, and essential oil yield were recorded. The results revealed significant improvements in most traits under yeast extract treatments. The highest essential oil yield was obtained from leaves (25 ml) and flowers (16 ml). Regarding vitamins, niacin (B3) exhibited the highest content at 14.74 µg/g, followed by pantothenic acid, then vitamin B2 at 49.2% of the standard. Vitamin B1 reached 7.63 µg/g, while vitamin C (ascorbic acid) showed the lowest content at 42.7% of the standard. The study concludes that dry yeast extract plays an effective role in promoting plant growth and enhancing the accumulation of essential oils and vital vitamins in C. argentea.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Celosia argentea
  topic: keywords
subject: yeast extract
  topic: keywords
subject: plant growth
  topic: keywords
subject: essential oils
  topic: keywords
subject: vitamins
  topic: keywords
subject: HPLC
  topic: keywords
subject: niacin
  topic: keywords
subject: foliar spray
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatma Mohamed Emeetteg
creator: Sara Mohamed Abdulatif
creator: Hager Omar Shakrona
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 284
ending page: 270
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3638

The ICAO’s Ability to Ensuring Air Navigation Safety in Conflict Zones in Middle East
type: item
description: This study explores how regional wars affect ICAO’s ability to ensure navigation safety during wars, using the Iran-Israel regional war as a case study. Drawing on theories from international relations and politics, the research examines political and military actions shape and limit the ICAO’s ability to enforce safety standards. Despite ICAO’s progress in improving safety, there is still a gap in literature that integrate international law, political motives, and aviation regulations into a unified analytical approach. Methodology, the research uses qualitative analysis of the case supported by secondary data from several sources. We observe that regional wars frequently surpass ICAO’s capacity to maintain aviation safety, thereby endangering global air navigation. The study also underscores ICAO’s limited enforcement authority, raising key questions about aviation governance. The conclusion is that effective air navigation safety in regional wars requires stronger ICAO’s enforcement of safety standards and political commitment. This paper advocates for practical measures, such as enhanced ICAO collaboration during crises and the establishment of an aviation taskforce to assist the ICAO to implement safety standards and protocols.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Air navigation safety
  topic: keywords
subject: War Zones
  topic: keywords
subject: Middle East
  topic: keywords
subject: Iran vs Israel
  topic: keywords
subject: ICAO
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohamed Ben Saed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 298
ending page: 285
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3637

Assessment of the Quality of Rainwater Collected by Roman Wells in Umm Saad Municipality
type: item
description: The study area, Umm Saad, is located in eastern Libya, approximately 130 kilometers east of Tobruk. The local population relies on rainwater harvesting and groundwater as sources of drinking water and for agricultural purposes. This study aimed to assess the quality of water collected from Roman wells in the area by comparing it with local and international standards, including those of the World Health Organization and Libyan standards to ensure consumer safety. Physical, chemical, and microbial analyses were conducted on water samples taken from eight Roman wells. The analyses included the estimation of cations (Ca++, Na++, Mg++, K+) and anions (NO3-, H2CO3-, Cl-, SO4--), as well as measurements of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total hardness (TH). The results showed that the water from these wells meets the physical and chemical standards for drinking water. However, microbial analyses revealed the presence of high levels of coliform bacteria in some wells, particularly wells 5, 7, and 8, making them non-compliant with both local and international drinking water standards, posing a health risk to consumers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Water pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: Roman wells
  topic: keywords
subject: Water harvesting
  topic: keywords
subject: Water quality standards
  topic: keywords
subject: Umm Saad municipality
  topic: keywords
creator: fathi. I .M. Ajweedah
creator: Mohammed. F. A. Abas
creator: Habeeb F. Y. Abdulqadir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 269
ending page: 256
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3636

Efficient use of agricultural land resources for the production of some vegetable crops in Libya Case study of Al-Qubbah Municipality during the 2021-2022 season
type: item
description: Despite the importance of land resources for all agricultural economic activities, this resource has not been optimally exploited in Libya for the production of various agricultural crops. The results of the study indicate, through descriptive analysis, that 50% of farmers hold a university qualification and 50% hold a qualification between intermediate and can read and write. It was also shown that all farmers are abandoning plant activity. The quantitative analysis also showed that there is economic efficiency for the land resource in producing the cucumber crop for the municipality of Al-Qubba, considering that the production elasticity is greater than the correct unit. The results of the study also showed that there is no economic efficiency for the land resource to produce tomatoes and dry onions, given that the production elasticity is less than the correct unit for each of them, as it amounted to about. 0.318, 0.205 respectively. The study recommended working to support the agricultural sector by providing production requirements and granting agricultural loans of all kinds. Paying attention to training and developing agricultural labor so that the available elements of agricultural production can be used efficiently. Drawing up an agricultural economic policy for crop structure that ensures the efficient use of productive elements and also ensures that agricultural labor does not migrate to work in other sectors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Constant productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Declining productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Increased productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Production elasticity
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic efficiency
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulrazek saleh Al-shabah
creator: Faisal Moftah Shalloof
creator: Saliha Saad Aqoub
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 255
ending page: 246
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3635

The genius of Imam Bukhari and his innovations in classification
type: item
description: The researcher demonstrated a large part of Imam Al-Bukhari's innovations and his genius in selecting his works on faith, Sharia, and ethics. He also demonstrated and discussed the justifications and explanations of some of those interested in his heritage and his actions in his works in general, and his collection in particular. The result was the validity of what was attributed to him of these justifications, which truly demonstrates that he was a genius. He explained that he was an imam who had made an effort to classify weak narrators, and that he had collected the pillars of religion from the authentic Sunnah in various books, and that he had a methodology for absorbing the opposition, and that he had great caution in narration, transmission, and explanation. The conclusion was that he was a brilliant and innovative imam, without a doubt, and anyone who attacked him did not know him or his works. Had he known him, he would have been fair, except for those who were enemies of the religion.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Genius
  topic: keywords
subject: Bukhari
  topic: keywords
subject: Classification
  topic: keywords
creator: Saleh Al-ameen Almazee
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 245
ending page: 230
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3634

The Permissibility of Accusative the Described Definite Singular Vocative with Intent and Addressing
type: item
description: This research addresses a key issue within the vocative construction, an important grammatical structure frequently used in daily speech when summoning or calling someone for any purpose—whether literally or figuratively. This structure is one of the features that distinguish the Arabic language from others, enhancing its beauty and flexibility in addressing others according to context and situation. It serves as a specific and powerful expressive implement in various forms of communication, fostering effective interaction and eliciting appropriate responses while conveying emotions, respect, and appreciation. The specific issue examined here is the permissibility of declining the described definite singular vocative when used with intent and addressing. The researchers explore this issue and its related sub-topics, such as the differing opinions among grammarians regarding the reason for declension in the case of proper nouns and indefinite nouns that are addressed (where definiteness is established through addressing or an implied omitted article). The study presents the views of various grammarians, their disagreements, and the evidence they cite to support their positions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Addressing
  topic: keywords
subject: Intent
  topic: keywords
subject: Vocative
  topic: keywords
subject: Permissibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Singular Vocative
  topic: keywords
creator: Hussein AlHadi AShareef
creator: Hassan Al-Senussi Al-Sharif
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 229
ending page: 215
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3633

The Medical and Medical Treatments In the Agalabid State (184-296AH/800-906AD)
type: item
description: The Civilization of the Aghlabid State was created in the Maghreb on the Abbasid State approach and his support for their stability factors in the area, continue in the way of supporting medical science in the Maghreb and European countries, the were their medical features beacons of scientists from all spots and institutes in diagnosis and treatment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aghlabid State
  topic: keywords
subject: The Medical
  topic: keywords
subject: Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Diagnosis and Treatment
  topic: keywords
creator: Osama Saad Ali Elshilabi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 214
ending page: 199
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3632

The Scientific and Intellectual Renaissance in the Rustamid State 160-296 AH / 777-909 AD
type: item
description: This study aims to explore the features of the scientific and intellectual movement in the Rustamid State during the period 160–296 AH /777–909 CE. This era witnessed a remarkable flourishing in the fields of science, literature, and religion, largely due to a relative political stability and the prosperity of commercial and cultural activities in the state’s capital, Tāhart. It was a decisive stage in shaping the cultural and scientific identity of the Central Maghreb where schools and scholarly circles became increasingly active in teaching religious, linguistic and intellectual sciences. Several factors contributed to this development, most notably the Rustamid imams’ patronage of knowledge and scholars, the establishment of educational centers, the attraction of scholars from various regions, and the encouragement of teaching and authorship. Tāhart, in particular, emerged as one of the most prominent intellectual hubs of the Central Maghreb, attracting distinguished scholars in jurisprudence, ḥadīth, linguistics, and philosophy. It is worth noting that the beginnings of this intellectual movement were closely linked to the emergence of Ibāḍī scholars in the second/eighth century, before later opening up to other intellectual currents, such as the Muʿtazilites and the Mālikis, which enriched and diversified intellectual life during this formative period.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rustamids
  topic: keywords
subject: Libraries
  topic: keywords
subject: Tlemcen
  topic: keywords
subject: Maghreb and al-Andalus
  topic: keywords
subject: Tahert
  topic: keywords
subject: Mosques
  topic: keywords
creator: Reem Mahmoud Mohamed Rashed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 198
ending page: 185
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3631

Integrating Libyan Folk Literary Heritage into Educational Curricula: A Descriptive and Analytical Study
type: item
description: This study examines the significance of Libyan popular literary heritage and the issue of its inclusion in Libyan educational curricula, as well as how it can contribute to improving their quality. The research investigates the current state of educational curricula, refers to the authentic Libyan popular heritage, and selects distinguished and diverse samples from it for analysis, aiming to integrate them or similar forms into our curricula. The study is based on the hypothesis that the absence of literary heritage in the educational context weakens national identity and diminishes the quality of certain academic subjects, particularly those related to pedagogy and language. The research adopts a descriptive methodology and is divided into two main sections: The first addresses the role of Libyan heritage in identity building through its utilization in the educational process. The second presents strategies for integrating heritage into educational curricula, supported by examples of implementations carried out in other educational environments. The study concludes with a summary of the most significant findings, along with recommendations and proposals directed to academics and stakeholders involved in the development of educational curricula in Libya.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: popular heritage
  topic: keywords
subject: Libyan literature
  topic: keywords
subject: education quality
  topic: keywords
subject: educational curricula
  topic: keywords
creator: Omar Abdullah Almahdi Aldaraweesh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 184
ending page: 168
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3630

Scohool Maltreatment and Psychological Safety among sixth and seventh Grade Students in Basic Education Stage According to Some Variables ducation Stage According to Some Variables
type: item
description: The study aimed to identify the differences in school maltreatment and psychological security among sixth and seventh-grade students in the schools of Al-Bayda city. The sample consisted of 66 male and female students for the academic year 2020–2021. The study concluded the following: There are statistically significant differences between male and female students in the level of school maltreatment and its two dimensions at the (0.01) level, in favor of males. There are no statistically significant differences between sixth and seventh-grade students in school maltreatment and its dimensions at the (0.05) level. There are statistically significant differences between males and females in the level of psychological security at the level, (0.05) in favor of males. There are no statistically significant differences between sixth and seventh-grade students in psychological security at the level (0.05)
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: School abuse
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Safety
  topic: keywords
subject: Basic education stage
  topic: keywords
creator: Hosnya Mohammed Adam Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 167
ending page: 153
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3628

Academic and practical challenges Encountered by Sociology students during the preparation of Graduation projects
type: item
description: The study aims to identify the difficulties faced by sociology students when preparing their graduation project. The comprehensive social survey method was used, and the data were collected through a questionnaire applied to a randomly selected sample of 36 students, the results revealed the most prominent challenges, which include students inability to develop a proper research proposal, weak research skills, and inability to connect research findings with previous studies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Difficulties
  topic: keywords
subject: Graduation project
  topic: keywords
subject: Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Souaad Khalifa Omer
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 152
ending page: 136
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3627

Physical Education Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Their Profession in the Basic Education Stage – Western Zawiya Education Supervision
type: item
description: The study aimed to explore the attitudes of physical education teachers in the basic education toward their profession. The descriptive method was used, and the research population consisted of all basic education teachers under the supervision of Zawiya West Municipality Education. Those teachers were currently in service of teaching. A sample of 95 participants was selected. A questionnaire was developed, consisting of 36 items. The validity of the tool was confirmed in terms of its content and relevance to the research objectives, relying on face validity. Reliability was also verified, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of (0.88). The results revealed that the most selected response was “Agree,” across all items. Overall, 90.58% of participants showed positive professional attitudes toward teaching physical education. The results also showed that 86.31% of the participants will continue in the profession of teaching physical education for a long time as it is ranked first. These findings emphasize that physical education is considered a vital subject in basic education, playing a significant role in developing students’ motor and skill abilities, and motivates teachers to teach the subject.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Physical Education Teachers
  topic: keywords
subject: Professional Attitudes
  topic: keywords
subject: Basic Education Stage
  topic: keywords
subject: Attitude
  topic: keywords
creator: Faraj Ali Emhamed Al-Atoud
creator: Ahmed Al-Mukhtar Al-Maqtoof Hassan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 135
ending page: 124
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3620

The reality of applying partial systems for human resources management at Al-Kuwayfiya Hospital for Chest Diseases
type: item
description: This study aimed to know the reality of applying the proposed partial systems for human resources management individually (each partial system separately) and together (the five proposed partial systems as a whole) at Al-Kuwaifiya Chest Diseases Hospital \ Benghazi. To achieve this goal, the descriptive survey method was used, which consists of calculating arithmetic means, standard deviations, and relative weight. These statistical treatments were implemented using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. This is done by relying on a questionnaire form – consisting of (33 phrases) revolving around the problem under study – as a primary means of collecting data form the 23 employees (under study). This study has reach a set of results, the most important of which are as follows : The management of Al-Kuwaifiya Chest Diseases Hospital \ Benghazi applies human resources management with its five proposed partial systems combined to a medium degree, and individually for the selection and recruitment system to high degree, and for the training and development systems, performance evaluation, rewards, incentives and appreciation, and administrative communications to a medium degree.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Total Productivity System for Human Resource Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Partial human resources management systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Al-Kuwayfiya Hospital for Chest Diseases
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Atia Hussin Algabsi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 123
ending page: 95
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3619

Total Quality Management and Its Impact on Sustainable Performance in Hospitals (A Field Study from the Perspective of Employees at Martyr Mohamed Al-Magarif Teaching Hospital – Ajdabiya
type: item
description: This study aimed to examine the impact of Total Quality Management (TQM) on sustainable performance through a field investigation conducted at the Martyr Mohamed Al-Magarif Teaching Hospital in Ajdabiya, Libya. The research adopted a quantitative approach using a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of 319 employees. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed a statistically significant effect of TQM on sustainable performance, with a coefficient of determination (R²) = 0.477. The dimensions of Information Management and Top Management Commitment were identified as the most influential factors. The findings also indicated variation in the impact of other dimensions, highlighting the need to enhance integration among them to ensure sustainability. The study concluded with several recommendations, notably the development of information systems, strengthening top management commitment, and improving training programs to align them with sustainability goals.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Total Quality Management (TQM)
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Libyan Healthcare Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Al-Shahid Mohamed Al-Magariaf Hospital
  topic: keywords
creator: Rabha Abdulkraim Boussamra
creator: Ali Mahmoud Abdulrajal
creator: Walid Mohamed Thoaeleb
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 94
ending page: 76
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3618

Challenges of the Academic Training and Development Center in Delivering Training Programs for Academic Leaders at Al-Mahra University
type: item
description: The study aimed to identify the challenges faced by the Academic Training and Development Center in delivering training programs for academic leaders at Al-Mahra University. The researchers employed the descriptive approach using the survey method and designed a questionnaire to assess the challenges in planning and designing training programs, implementing training programs, and evaluating training programs. After verifying the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, it was administered to the entire study population, which consisted of 37 academic leaders. The number of respondents was 28 members, representing 78% of the study population. The study reached the following findings: The challenges faced by the Academic Training and Development Center in delivering training programs for academic leaders at Al-Mahra University, across the main fields of planning and designing training programs, implementing training programs, and evaluating training programs, were rated as significant. No statistically significant differences were found at a significance level of (0.05) between the mean scores of the study sample concerning the challenges of the Academic Training and Development Center in delivering training programs for academic leaders, attributed to the variables of college type (Humanities vs. Applied Sciences), academic rank (Professor, Associate Professor, Assistant Professor), and job position (Dean, Vice Dean, Head of Department). The study proposed several recommendations that could contribute to addressing the challenges of delivering training programs for academic leaders at Al-Mahra University.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Training and development center problems
  topic: keywords
subject: Training programmers
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic leaders
  topic: keywords
creator: Hassan Ali Nasser Al-Malk
creator: Ali Abdo Mohammed Al-Doosh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 75
ending page: 50
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3617

The Legal Dilemma of Law Promulgation in Libya A Comparative Analytical Approach
type: item
description: This study addresses the constitutional dilemma surrounding the "promulgation of laws" in Libya's legal system—a crucial stage that grants legislation its enforceability. The problem stems from ambiguous legal texts and institutional conflict between the House of Representatives and the Presidential Council. Since 2014, the House of Representatives has issued laws without executive ratification, raising concerns about their constitutional validity. Using a comparative and analytical methodology, the study draws on Libyan constitutional jurisprudence and references international models, particularly those of Egypt and France. It concludes that the lack of a clearly defined authority for promulgation undermines legal legitimacy and calls for a constitutional resolution, either through binding interpretation or a transitional legal mechanism.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Law promulgation
  topic: keywords
subject: Legislative authority
  topic: keywords
subject: Constitutional review
  topic: keywords
subject: Libyan legal system
  topic: keywords
subject: Legislative process
  topic: keywords
subject: Enactment
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparative constitutional law
  topic: keywords
creator: Majdi Sharif Mohamed Shabaani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 49
ending page: 28
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3616

Electronic surveillance in labor relations using digital platforms
type: item
description: This study examines electronic surveillance in labor relations as one of the most significant challenges that will arise as the labor market becomes more digitally transformed. With the disappearance of traditional time and space limitations, employees are increasingly subject to remote digital surveillance via platforms that allow employers to oversee performance and impose fines as needed. Using a comparative analytical method, the research is divided into three sections: the first defines the legal nature of electronic surveillance and its impact on the evolving concept of subordination; the second explores comparative legislation and jurisprudence, particularly in France, where digital subordination is recognized as a new form of dependence; and the third analyses the Lebanese legal framework, highlighting recent amendments acknowledging remote supervision. The study concludes by recommending the enactment of a comprehensive legal framework regulating digital platform work, ensuring a balance between employers’ supervisory rights and employees’ right to privacy in the context of blurred boundaries between work and personal time.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Electronic surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: labor relations
  topic: keywords
subject: digital subordination
  topic: keywords
subject: digital platforms
  topic: keywords
subject: privacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Lebanese legislation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ibrahim Bahaa el dine Oueidat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Albayan Scientific Journal
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 27
ending page: 09
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i20.3614

Study of the inhibitory ability of honey against some types of gram- positive and gram-negative bacteria
type: item
description: The objective of this research was to examine the antimicrobial properties of a honey sample against specific microbial isolates. Various concentrations (50% and 100%) of the honey sample were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects on several medically significant microorganisms, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the honey sample were established for the selected microorganisms through the diffusion method. The honey sample exhibited an inhibitory effect in vitro at both 50% and 100% concentrations on the different microorganisms studied. The findings indicate that honey possesses antimicrobial properties similar to those of antibiotics, demonstrating sensitivity in certain organisms and offering a potential alternative treatment against specific bacterial infections. Additionally, it has been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, encompassing both gram-positive and gram-negative strains.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: coli
  topic: keywords
subject: Staphylococcus aureus
  topic: keywords
subject: Honey
  topic: keywords
subject: antibacterial activity of honey
  topic: keywords
subject: Tobruk university
  topic: keywords
creator: Faeza Mharb
creator: Mabroka.A. Wahab Saleh
creator: Mahboba Aldareh
creator: Hana Faraj
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 جامعة سرت
date: 2025-05-15
publication date: 2025-05-15
starting page: 215
ending page: 205
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i19.3313

Original Article Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Dentists towards Radiation Safety Procedures: A
type: item
description: Dentists use radiographs to diagnose, treat, and monitor dental diseases and conditions. Therefore, they must possess significant knowledge about radiation protection strategies and practice the safety standards to minimize radiation exposure and its hazardous effects. The aim: This study's purpose is to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of dentists with respect to radiation protection standards in dental imaging, as well as their compliance with safety protocols.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Dentists
  topic: keywords
subject: Radiation Protection
  topic: keywords
subject: Safety
  topic: keywords
subject: Dental Imaging
  topic: keywords
creator: Mardeya A A Emayof
creator: Wfa A.A Nweh
creator: Hawa Qaseem
creator: Huda Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 جامعة سرت
date: 2025-05-15
publication date: 2025-05-15
starting page: 204
ending page: 194
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i19.3312

Agriculture in the region during the Italian era 1922-1940AD
type: item
description: The research dealt with agricultural activity in the Cyrenaica region during the Italian occupation (1922-1940 AD), through studying the colonial policy applied by the Italian government in the region, and the accompanying procedures and legislation that enabled the colonists to settle agriculturally, which resulted in the acquisition of fertile agricultural lands in the Cyrenaica region, controlling and depleting its capabilities, and directing them to serve the Italian economy, and thus this control caused The economic situation of the local population deteriorated, whose livelihoods were limited, and they found themselves between two options: either migrating outside the country in pursuit of their livelihood, or working as low-priced workers for the Italian colonists in their lands that were usurped from them.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agricultural activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Italian colonialism
  topic: keywords
subject: settlement, Barqa region
  topic: keywords
creator: d
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 جامعة سرت
date: 2025-05-15
publication date: 2025-05-15
starting page: 172
ending page: 161
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i19.3311

البُعد الديني في العلاقات الدولية
type: item
description: : This research aimed to study the religious dimension in international relations. It reviewed the historical development of the religious dimension in international relations, identified the religious and cultural role of religion in international relations, and identified religion and globalization in international relations. The research used a descriptive and analytical approach, reviewing models of the foreign policies of the Vatican, the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the United States of America and the influence of the religious dimension on them. It reached several conclusions, including that the theorization of international relations has always been linked to the reality of these relations, a fact that has governed the development of major perspectives from the beginning of discussion of the science of international relations until the end of the Cold War.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: البُعد الديني
  topic: keywords
subject: العلاقات الدولية
  topic: keywords
creator: د. السائح أحمد محمد السائح
creator: د. محمد علي القذافي الربيعي
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 جامعة سرت
date: 2025-05-15
publication date: 2025-05-15
starting page: 193
ending page: 173
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i19.3310

Economic Globalization from a Philosophical Perspective "An Analytical Study of its Ideological Dimension"
type: item
description: The phenomenon of globalization is a natural development of civilization, and it is an ancient and modern realistic phenomenon that has affected all aspects of life, and the economic aspect is considered one of the most influential and affected aspects by the results and challenges of the ideology of globalization. Hence, it was difficult to define a specific concept for this phenomenon due to the multiplicity of its definitions, and for this reason globalization falls within an ideological framework due to its being addressed by many thinkers and philosophers. Thus, it is an ideology that aims in its philosophy to try to control many of the economies of developing countries to impose its hegemony over them. The overlap of the concept of globalization with concepts of development such as modernity and post-modernity, and its association with other ideologies such as capitalism, communism and liberalism made it take an ideological dimension at the present time by restoring the capitalist economic system and its hegemony in a new way based on the market economy. It had clear positive and negative effects on the countries of the world represented in good in the broadest sense, which made its supporters welcome it, and evil in the broadest sense represented in the hegemony of capitalist countries over developing countries through their mechanisms such as multinational corporations, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization, in order to achieve its goals that had risks threatening the economies of developing countries. Hence, developing countries had to find ways to confront it.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: العولمة
  topic: keywords
subject: الاقتصاد
  topic: keywords
subject: الفلسفة
  topic: keywords
subject: البعد الأيديولوجي
  topic: keywords
creator: e
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 جامعة سرت
date: 2025-05-15
publication date: 2025-05-15
starting page: 160
ending page: 139
doi: 10.37375/bsj.v7i19.3309