- Use of salicylic acid application and Azospirillum inoculation to improve wheat plant growth under saline conditions
الملخص
أجريت تجارب في أصيص لتقييم الدور المحتمل للتلقيح بالأزوسبيريلوم أو الرش الورقي بحامض الساليسيليك (1 ملم) في النمو وتثبيت النيتروجين وبعض التغيرات الفسيولوجية للقمح المزروع تحت تراكيز مختلفة من كلوريد الصوديوم (100، 200، 300 ملم). وتتلخص النتائج فيما يلي: يتحمل القمحTriticum aestivum L. إجهاد ملح كلوريد الصوديوم حتى 300 ملم. أدى الإجهاد الملحي إلى انخفاض مؤشرات نمو النبات (الطول، المساحة الورقية، الكتلة الطازجة والجافة) خاصة عند التركيز العالي من كلوريد الصوديوم (300 ملم). أدى التلقيح بالأزوسبيريلوم إلى زيادة طول المجموع الخضري والجذري ومساحة الورقة بمقدار 59.0، 30.3 سم/ أصيص و 87.5 سم2 / نبات عند 100 ملي مول كلوريد الصوديوم، كما سجلت إضافة حامض الساليسيليك 59.0، 33.0 سم / أصيص و 77.8 سم2 / نبات عند 100 ملي مول كلوريد الصوديوم مقارنة مع المعاملة القياسية، على التوالي. أدى التلقيح بالأزوسبيريلوم أو إضافة حامض الساليسيليك إلى زيادة المجموع الخضري الجاف وكتلة الجذور في القمح عند مستويات مختلفة من كلوريد الصوديوم مقارنة بنبات السيطرة. أدت عملية البكتريا إلى زيادة محتوى الكلوروفيل أ، ب والكاروتينويد بمقدار 2.46، 2.72 و2.51 ملجم/جم عند 100 ملي مولار كلوريد الصوديوم. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تم تسجيل 2.94، 2.80 و 2.58 مليجرام/جرام من حمض الساليسيليك عند تركيز 100 ملي مولار من كلوريد الصوديوم مقارنة بالمعاملة القياسية، على التوالي. أدى التلقيح بالأزوسبيريلوم أو استخدام حامض الساليسيليك إلى زيادة معنوية كبيرة في إطلاق الكربوهيدرات القابلة للذوبان عند 100 ملي مول كلوريد الصوديوم مقارنة بمحطة التحكم. أظهرت براعم القمح وجذور النباتات المعرضة لكلوريد الصوديوم وخاصة (200، 300 ملم) انخفاضاً معنوياً في نشاط الإنزيمات المضادة للأكسدة مثل نشاط الكاتلاز والبيروكسيديز. حيث أن إضافة Azospirillum sp. أو الساليسيليك لنباتات القمح ذات المستويات الملحية المختلفة خفف بشكل كبير من التأثير الضار للإجهاد الملحي عن طريق زيادة نشاط الإنزيمات المضادة للأكسدة. زاد تراكم بيروكسيد الهيدروجين في نباتات القمح والجهاز الجذري لنباتات المكافحة عن طريق زيادة مستوى الإجهاد الملحي، في حين انخفض عن طريق التلقيح بالآزوسبيريلوم أو إضافة حامض الساليسيليك مقارنة مع نباتات المقارنة. 6.6 ملغم N/وعاء عند 200 ملي مول كلوريد الصوديوم، على التوالي. سجل تثبيت النيتروجين الجوي (%NdFa) عن طريق التلقيح بالأزوسبيريلوم 42.1% و36.3% عند تركيز 200 ملي مولار من كلوريد الصوديوم، كما سجل تطبيق حمض الساليسيليك 33.3% و20% في المجموع الخضري والجذري عند تركيز 100 ملي مولار من كلوريد الصوديوم، على التوالي. تم تغيير محتوى المعادن المطلقة (Ca، K،P ) عن طريق التلقيح بالأزوسبيريلوم بتركيز 200 ملي مولار من كلوريد الصوديوم مقارنة مع التحكم. أظهرت النتائج أن محتوى جذور نبات القمح من المعادن قد تمت مقاومة مستويات الإجهاد الملحي عند إضافة حامض الساليسيليك.
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