Sirte University Scientific Journal

Modeling of Liquid Film Behavior in Serpentine Pipe Geometry

2024-12-23T06:24:29+00:00

This study investigates the behavior of liquid film thickness along a flow system under varying gas and liquid velocities. The collected data from film probes positioned at various locations of the test facility, were matched with different experimental works using the available models. It was obviously observed that the majority of published correlations didn’t present good accuracy for the data of this study, where the pipe diameter is relatively large (i.d.=101.6 mm). However, these models gave better predictions for the data of small-sized pipes (i.d. ≤ 50 mm). Due to this reason, it was necessary to modify some of the published models in order to be fit for all pipe diameters. The modified models were applied for the experimental data of the current study and for those available in a literature which presented accurate results for estimation of liquid film characteristics.

Estimation Of Water Saturation Use Well Logs Technique In X Oil Wells, By TECH-LOG 2015 Software

2024-12-23T07:10:14+00:00

The aim of this study is to analyze water levels in the X oil field in Libya, with a particular focus on reducing unwanted water production and enhancing oil recovery. Petrophysical data extracted from well logs, including Gamma Ray, Spontaneous Potential, Sonic, Bulk Density, and Deep Induction Resistivity, were used to analyze two selected wells. The analysis concentrated on determining the average depths of water occurrence zones and evaluating their corresponding water saturation levels. The results of the analysis indicate the presence of water at approximately 8830 feet, with water saturation levels varying between wells, ranging from 0.14% to 0.94%. The interpretation of the log readings, using the cross-plot method for each well, was performed using Schlumberger Tech-log 2015 software.

The shale volume was determined based on the gamma ray log and the results showed that the Shale volume in the Wells formation ranges from about 17% to 40 % and this value increases toward the top of the formation. By identifying these depths and water entry zones, the study provides insights into water control techniques that can be implemented to improve well productivity and extend the productive life of wells.

Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) Dehydration by Petroleum Fluids

2024-12-23T07:15:40+00:00

Water production increases and oil sweep efficiency decreases as a reservoir matures. This water production can be produced from an injection or/and production wells. Water production can be the reason of decreasing and/or increasing oil production on the well operation cost. In the oil industry a lot of oil companies are using Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) to improve oil production and decrease water production. When SAP mixed with water, it can absorb more than one hundred times their orginal weight. This research was accompanied to study SAP dehydration effect on oil production wells. This work used LiquiBlock’s AT-03S with a mesh of 35-60 (250-500 microns), and LiquiBlock’s 2G-110 with a mesh of 60-120 (125-250 microns). The selected polymers were formed using different particle sizes and brine concentrations. To create a brine of particular salinity, different brine concentrations were prepared by mixing deionized (DI) water with Calcium Chloride, Sodium Chloride, and a mixture of both Sodium Chloride and Calcium Chloride. Venous oil samples used for this work (Black oil, medium oil, and mineral oil). Oil was added to the solution after allowing the polymers to fully swell in brine, which was then agitated and allowed to settle. This research also investigated the effects of temperature on SAP swollen and dehydration. In conclusion, oil dehydration affected the swelling ratio of the polymer. The results of this work can help to select the best polymer which can be used for water shut-off treatment and improve oil recovery on mature reservoirs.

Histopathological Spectrum of Urinary Bladder Lesions in Patients at the Sirte Oncology Center

2024-12-23T07:36:17+00:00

Introduction: There are various common non neoplastic and neoplastic (benign and malignant) lesions of urinary bladder. They are common causes for worldwide morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to study the histopathology spectrum of different urinary bladder lesions. Material and Methods: The current retrospective study included all reported cases of the received urinary bladder specimens in pathology department at Sirte Oncology Center. Results: Majority of 49 studied cases were males (87.8%). Out of which, 67.4% were neoplastic lesions with predominance of invasive urothelial tumors (63.6%), whereas 28.6% of cases were non neoplastic lesions. Inflammatory lesions (78.6%) formed the bulk amongst the non neoplastic lesions. Conclusion: The present study showed male predominance with the most encountered urinary bladder lesions are neoplastic lesions of urothelial origin. The majority of urothelial tumor are invasive cancer than non invasive type of urothelial carcinoma.

Groundwater quality in some areas of Sirte City, Libya

2024-12-23T07:55:00+00:00

This study investigates groundwater quality in various areas of Sirte City, located in northern Libya, focusing on identifying the most prevalent pollutants. The research specifically examines pH levels and other key pollution indicators, including total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, and electrical conductivity (EC) of the water. The study is centered on assessing the physicochemical parameters of groundwater in the Sirte City area. A total of twenty-eight surface water samples were collected from different directions (west, east, and south) around Sirte City during the Winter season, from January to March 2016. The overall findings revealed mean to all directions of water quality parameters as follows: pH 7.37, TDS 7419.9 mg/L, salinity 8.91 mg/L, EC 10.2 µS/cm, Na 225 mg/L, K 30.0 mg/L, and total hardness (TH) 11.4 mg/L. The results are shown for each direction separately, TDS 3324 mg/L in the south, 13663 mg/L in the west, and 5272 mg/L in the east. Similarly, the average salinity values ranged from 3.70 mg/L in the south, 16.2 mg/L in the west, to 6.80 mg/L in the east. The results further indicated that the average pH, conductivity, and metal concentrations were highest in the western wells of Sirte City compared to the eastern and southern wells. The average TH values were 6.57 mg/L in the south, 13.5 mg/L in the west, and 14.1 mg/L in the east. Additionally, the concentrations of heavy metals in the studied samples were below the detection limits of the measurement devices used. Notably, the lowest concentrations of heavy metals were found in the southern and middle-western regions, while the highest concentrations were observed in the eastern region. Furthermore, it was observed that the water samples from the western direction were the most saline, whereas those from the eastern and southern directions were less saline.The all results above were increasing than permissible limit According to World Health Organization specifications .

The results of this study suggest that all collected surface water samples from the Sirte region are natural and acceptable for livestock and agricultural use, as well as for cleaning purposes. However, simple treatment is necessary to make the water suitable for human consumption, particularly when compared to WHO and Libyan water quality standards.

Constructing the Fractional Flow Curve for the Masrab Oilfield Using Production Data: A Case Study in Libya

2024-12-23T08:02:17+00:00

This study focuses on evaluating the flow performance of oil and water in the Masrab oilfield, Libya, using production data. The main goal is to apply the production data method to calculate fractional flow curves, which are essential for optimizing production strategies in mature oilfield. The analysis was conducted using Excel software, which facilitated efficient calculations and plotting of the fractional flow curves. The results reveal that the field is oil-wet, a condition that has a direct impact on oil recovery efficiency. Oil wet reservoirs tend to have lower recovery rates, as water does not easily displace oil from the rock surfaces, leading to challenges in maximizing oil extraction. The production data method used in this study proved to be more accurate and practical for field applications compared to traditional methods like the Buckley-Leverett approach. Furthermore, this approach was shown to be more cost-effective and time-efficient, particularly in environments where core sampling or extensive fluid property data is difficult to obtain. The study highlights the importance of using real-time production data to assess reservoir performance, especially in challenging conditions where conventional methods may not be feasible. Based on the results, it is recommended that the production data approach be preferred in oil-wet reservoirs like Masrab, as it offers significant advantages in terms of improving oil recovery and optimizing field operations. This approach provides a more practical and accessible solution for enhancing reservoir management and increasing long-term production efficiency.

Spatial Analysis of Soil Chemical Properties (pH, EC, and CaCO₃%) Using the IDW Method at the Field Scale in Libyan Soil

2024-12-23T08:55:16+00:00

Soil chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and calcium carbonate content (CaCO₃%) are important indicators of soil health and fertility, impacting nutrient availability and crop productivity. Accurate mapping of these properties is especially important in arid and semiarid regions, such as Libya, where soil salinity and alkalinity present challenges to agricultural practices. This study assesses the effectiveness of the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method which is a type of spatial interpolation that estimates values at unsampled locations by weighting nearby sampled points based on their distance from the point being estimated. In IDW, closer points have a greater influence on the estimated value, while more distant points contribute less. IDW method is used for interpolating spatial distributions of soil pH, EC, and CaCO₃% in a 13,000 square meter area at the Faculty of Agriculture Farm, University of Tripoli, Libya. Using a total of 71 soil samples collected from a depth of 0–30 cm, the spatial variability of these properties through IDW was assessed, a method that estimates values at unsampled locations based on the weighted influence of nearby sampled points. The accuracy of IDW interpolations was evaluated through cross-validation, revealing that IDW provided reliable results for CaCO₃%, with R² values ranging from 63% to 75%. In contrast, the method demonstrated moderate effectiveness for pH (R² values between 41% and 50%) and lower accuracy for EC, with R² values as low as 6%. This suggests that soil pH and EC exhibit varying levels of spatial homogeneity, affecting the interpolation accuracy. Alternative methods like Kriging may be more appropriate for EC due to their capacity to account for spatial autocorrelation, a key factor in environmental variables such as soil properties. The findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate interpolation techniques based on the specific characteristics of soil properties and their spatial distribution.

A Study on Evaluation of Mean and Median Imputation Methods and Their Impact on Statistical Analysis of Missing Data

2024-12-23T09:01:05+00:00

In this study, we are going to evaluate the effect of employing diverse missing value imputation strategies on real datasets while conducting statistical analysis. It will concentrate on Missing Completely at Random (MCAR) data, which provides an opportunity for a thorough assessment of imputation methods. Specific methods examined were mean and median imputation plus other conventional statistical ways of treating missing data. As a result, the research underlines that adequate data management strategies are key to preserving both the credibility and accuracy of scientific analyses. This study demonstrates how Excel can be used as the primary analytical tool to give applied researchers from different areas of specialization practical guidance on method choice when faced with missing data. In the end, these results demonstrate how carefulencial efforts are essential in this field.

Extraction of Aromatic Compounds from Dorema Ammoniacum and Styrax Benzoin Resins Using Maceration Method

2024-12-23T19:58:47+00:00

This study aims to create a perfume using Dorema ammoniacum, Styrax benzoin, and α-pinene. The maceration method in mineral oil was used to extract the aromatic substances from the resins at a room temperature. Both resins were grounded and soaked in mineral oil for three months. The Dorema ammoniacum resin soluble in polar solvents, so aromatic substances were extracted by soaking it in 10% ethyl alcohol for 2-3 days. The top note, α-pinene oil, a monoterpene, was purchased in its pure form and used as is. The weight percentages of the components used to prepare the aromatic formulation containing the carbopol gel are as follows: Dorema ammoniacum (Solution, 10% EtOH) (20%), Benzoin oil extract (10%), D. ammoniacum oil extract (10%), α-pinene oil (5%), Glycerin (5%), α-pinene oil (5%), 2% Carbopol® 940 Solution (5%), Polyoxyethylene sorbitan 60 (6%), Glycerol monostearate (3%), Disodium EDTA (0.2%), Sodium Salicylate (1.5%), and then the completion of the percentage with distilled water. The formulation is prepared with a total weight of 20 grams. The perfume was evaluated for its organoleptic evaluation, such as color, scent, and shape, and was found to have a distinct aroma, liquid consistency, and acceptable shape.

A molecular modeling investigation using DFT studies to examine the interaction between a melanin pigment and a Buckwheat

2024-12-23T20:06:23+00:00

This study presents a summary of the use of buckwheat with its melanin pigment composition in human skin. The internal energy of buckwheat, as determined by the density functional function of molecular studies using the Goussian 09 and Hyperchem 08 programs, exhibited a value that was found to be nearly identical to that of melanin, which was found to be (-1109 Hartree, -1101 Hartree), respectively. To corroborate these findings, the molar number of buckwheat was incorporated in a ratio of 1:2, resulting in a notable reduction in polar moment by 1.759730 Debye. This was accompanied by an increase in stability and a decrease in polar moment, which in turn led to a reduction in activity and a limitation of the effect of UV radiation on melanin pigment.

Utilizing Artificial Neural Networks for Wind Speed Estimation A Case Study of Dernah City, Libya

2024-12-23T20:32:51+00:00

Electric power is universally acknowledged as a crucial factor in enhancing living standards. As a result, safe electrical energy consumption is crucial to efficient national energy management. To do this, meticulous assessments of the electricity demand are required. Finding viable sites for turbine placement through feasibility studies and measuring local wind speeds are essential steps before establishing the plant wind power. Estimation of wind speed and simulations can be used to conduct these evaluations.. This study uses an artificial neural network (ANN) with the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) learning algorithm to estimate wind speed for the Libyan city of Dernah. One-year data from the Libya Meteorology Center has been utilized to train, test, and validate the ANN to to predict hourly wind speed . The structure of the ANN was evaluated with neuron counts of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50, allowing us to determine the optimal number of neurons for accurate predictions. The estimation analysis was performed using results obtained from the Levenberg-Marquardt method (LMA), along with the mean square error (MSE) and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results show that the Levenberg-Marquardt method with 10 neurons performs the best, with values of 0.99661 for R2 and 0.000250 for MSE. These findings confirm that wind speeds can be calculated within reasonable bounds since they show that the estimates of wind speeds based on the scant meteorological data available nearly match the measured values.

Vitamin D level and some of its related factors in a sample of women in Misurata city

2024-12-23T20:39:36+00:00

The city of Misurata is considered one of the sunny areas in North Africa, and several studies have shown the vitamin D deficiency in these areas. The current study aimed to evaluate vitamin D levels in women the city of Misurata and its relationship to some factors that may be related to it. The study community includes 131 women during a four-month period from April to the end of July of the year 2022, and a questionnaire was filled out for the cases of this study to cover the special data (age, marital status, eating some foods, and health status). The vitamin levels were divided into four levels, acute deficiency ,less than 10 nanograms / ml, a deficiency between 10-20 ng / ml, an insufficiency between 21-29 ng / ml, asufficiency level of more than 30 ng / ml, and the results showed that the percentage of vitamin D deficiency in general was 88.5%, and the severe deficiency formed the highest level of vitamin D deficiency At a rate of 38.5%, while the adequate level of vitamin D did not constitute more than 11.5%, and there was a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and pregnancy ( P-value < (0.05, and there was no relationship between vitamin D deficiency, age, sun exposure, some diseases, symptoms, and dietary pattern ( P-value < (0.05.We conclude through this study that vitamin D deficiency constituted a large proportion among women in the city of Misurata

Relationship between the students’ spatial visualisation abilities and their performance of deducing 2D-Orthographic drawing

2024-12-23T20:44:37+00:00

Many researches indicated that students’ spatial ability influences their academic performance in engineering drawing and design. Significantly, a major limitation of traditional instruction is the problem of presenting three-dimensional spatial information in a two-dimensional format. Yet, there is no evidence base of how spatial ability influence the Eng-drawing learners’ practice performance. This paper investigated the effects of the spatial ability level on novice Eng-drawing learners’ practice performance in terms of shorting the learning time and increasing the drawing accuracy or not. 32 students from architecture department at the Sirte university were assigned equally into two groups regarding to their SA scores (high vs. low) to undertake specific Eng-drawing learning tasks of deducing the orthographic projection from an isometric model. The time taken and drawing accuracy were recorded. The results indicated that SA significantly related to drawing accuracy, but had little effect on learning time.

Oscillatory Solutions of Nonlinear Differential Equations of Second- Order with Variable Coefficients

2024-12-23T20:50:07+00:00

The oscillation characteristic of various components has attracted considerable interest, leading to extensive research on oscillatory models in various types of differential equations. In this research, oscillation property of nonlinear second- order differential equations are analyzed. Some analytical techniques are employed to establish new oscillation conditions. In addition, some illustrative examples are provided to support the new results. Our results improve and extend many previously established results in the field.

Determination of Heavy Metals content in Soil from Medical Waste Landfills and the Creation of Cement Capsules to Mitigate Pollution

2024-12-23T21:05:17+00:00

The objective of this study is to extract specific heavy metals (Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cr²⁺) from landfill soil and to ascertain their concentrations. Furthermore, the research involves the development of cement capsules designed to contain medical waste and to mitigate the leaching of heavy metals into the surrounding environment.

The findings indicate that the concentrations of these four heavy metals in the soil remained unchanged following the implementation of the capsules for medical waste storage. This outcome suggests that the capsules are effective in containing medical waste and preventing the leaching of heavy metals into adjacent soil.

This study contributes valuable awareness into the controlling of medical waste within public and private health facilities. The recent proliferation of clinics, health centers, and medical laboratories has significantly increased activities in this sector. Such expansion generates various toxic and organic wastes, which pose potential risks to the environment.

Investigations of genitourinary candida infections of patients women attending gynecology clinic at sirte clinics complex, Sirte city, Libya

2024-12-23T21:14:52+00:00

Candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection that occurs due to yeasts of the genus Candida, which infects target immobilized individuals with a diminished immune system. It causes infections in the urinary and reproductive systems and is known to be responsible for genital and urinary infections worldwide. Candida albicans and Candida glabrata are most often responsible for the disease, and both can lead to vaginal candidiasis, including during pregnancy. Candida urinary tract infection has been on the rise in recent times, particularly among the hospitalised patients. Often, those people who undergo catheterization suffer from candiduria. In case the vaginal candidiasis is left untreated, then severe complications such as placental inflammation, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and even miscarriage may occur. Aim of study: This study aims to estimate the incidence of genitourinary fungal candidiasis among patients women attending Gynecology clinic at sirte Clinics Complex and identify potential risk factors associated with this condition. Materials and Methods: Sirte, Libya was the local setting of the study which was carried out between May and July 2023.Midstream urine sample was obtained from 100 patients women attending the gynecological clinic. Socio-demographic and clinical information was gathered by means of specially developed questionnaires in a standardised form. Laboratory investigations to diagnose fungal infections in urine involve the use of centrifuges to separate and deposit samples and their components. Sediment is then collected and examined under a microscope to identify fungal cells as well as using gram stain techniques. Specifically, SPSS analytic software was used, and chi-square tests where appropriate. Results: Among 100 samples, 91% tested positive for candida infection, with the highest rates in women aged ≤24 (42.85%) and 25–34 (28.57%). Diabetes showed a significant correlation with candidiasis (83.51%, p = 0.03), and unmarried women had higher infection rates (76.92%). All infected married women had no history of abortion, but multiple pregnancies were significantly associated (p = 0.0001). Metronidazole use reduced infection rates (p < 0.0001), and common symptoms included vaginal discharge (55.55%) and pain with urination (44.44%).

Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of urinary fungal infections among women in sirte during (May–June 2023), with a significant decrease in infection rates with increasing age. The infections were most common in diabetic and unmarried women, while married women with multiple pregnancies had the highest rates. These findings highlight the need for regular screenings and preventive measures. Recommendation: Taking into account the study results, it is suggested that structured screening programs for urinary fungal infections in women should be implemented , with special focus on high-risk groups, such as diabetic and pregnant women. Furthermore, public education should directed to proper hygiene, correct medication use and early medical consultation in efforts of decreasing such infections prevalence.