SUSJ is a scientific refereed journal issued on behalf of Sirte University in a number of issues throughout the year interested in publishing research and documented studies in the field of applied sciences for university faculty members and other universities from inside and outside Libya. The views expressed in the publication are the individual opinion of the author(s) and they neither represents nor reflect the opinion of the editor and editorial board or Sirte University. https://doi.org/10.37375/1575
Prevalence Of Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection Among Women Presenting With Vaginitis Symptoms At Al-Massara Clinic , Houn City, Libya
Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. This infection primarily affects women, leading to symptoms such as vaginitis, characterized by vaginal discharge, itching, and discomfort. Despite its high prevalence, many cases remain asymptomatic or undiagnosed, contributing to its continued spread. In Libya, the epidemiological data on T. vaginalis infection is limited, particularly in rural and suburban areas. Aim of study: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of T. vaginalis infection in women presenting with vaginitis symptoms at Al-Massara Clinic in Houn city, Libya, providing valuable insights into the local burden of this infection. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among 300 women attending the obstetrics and Gynecology clinic at Al-Massara in Hun city, Libya, during 2022year. Vaginal secretion samples were collected and examined using wet mount microscopy with saline solution for parasite motility and Giemsa-stained smears for detailed structural identification. Results: The present results revealed significant associations between infection rates and demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. The highest prevalence was observed among women aged 15–24 years (94.23%), with rates decreasing in older groups. Married women (62.01%) and rural residents (54.47%) exhibited higher infection rates compared to unmarried women (15.20%) and urban residents (22.28%). Infection was inversely related to educational level, with the highest prevalence in illiterate women (64.28%) and the lowest in those with higher education (18.42%). Vaginal discharge characteristics strongly correlated with infection, with 100% positivity in women with white or yellow discharge. These findings highlight the need for targeted public health strategies, including education, routine screening, and improved healthcare access, to address T. vaginalis infections in underserved populations.
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The Efficacy of Adding Midazolam As An Adjuvant To Lidocaine Bupivacaine Mixture In Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Block
Background: Brachial plexus block is useful technique that serves as a valuable alternative to general anesthesia for procedures involving the upper limbs. It provides optimal muscle relaxation, stable intra-operative hemodynamics and effective post-operative pain control. The purpose of this work was to assess the effectiveness of adding midazolam to local anesthetic mixture (lidocaine /bupivacaine) for analgesia and anesthesia in supraclavicular block with ultrasound-guidance during upper limb surgeries. Patients and methods: 40 patients from those scheduled to unilateral upper limb surgery below the level of midarm.at our hospital. The patients were allocated into two equal groups. Group ''M'' (lidocaine bupivacaine) mixture + Midazolam, and group ''C'' (lidocaine bupivacaine). Results Our results showed that there was no difference between the two groups regarding sensory onset. In contrast, patients in group M showed an earlier onset of motor block. Furthermore, both sensory and motor block durations were longer in Midazolam than control group. There was no difference between the 2 groups regarding respiratory rate, ECG, blood pressure, pulse rate and oxygen saturation. Conclusion: From of the findings of this study, we conclude that adding midazolam to mixture of bupivacaine 0.25 % and Lidocaine 1 % for supraclavicular brachial plexus block results in rapid onset of sensory block and prolongs both sensory and motor block duration.
From Pulp Preservation to Root Canal Therapy: Exploring Decision-Making in Pulpal Disease Management
Background: Timely and accurate diagnosis of pulpal disease is essential for determining appropriate treatment ranging from conservative pulp preservation techniques to root canal therapy (RCT). Understanding dentists’ clinical choices and their diagnostic rationale helps improve patient outcomes and guides evidence-based practice. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making approaches used by dentists in managing pulpal disease, with a focus on the preference for pulp-preserving techniques versus root canal treatment. Methods: A structured, validated questionnaire was distributed to licensed dental practitioners. A total of 329 responses were collected. The questionnaire assessed diagnostic methods, treatment preferences, use of advanced tools, and clinician confidence levels. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and percentages. Results: The most commonly used diagnostic tools were thermal testing (76.3%), evaluation of spontaneous pain (68.1%), and radiographic imaging (61.4%). Conservative treatments were preferred: 34.3% selected indirect pulp capping and 24.3% opted for partial pulpotomy. Root canal therapy was chosen by 14.9% of respondents. While 51.1% expressed high confidence in their diagnostic decisions, 13% reported uncertainty. Conclusion: The findings highlight a growing shift among dentists toward conservative, biologically oriented management of pulpal disease, supported by modern diagnostic techniques and evolving clinical guidelines. Despite this positive trend, variability in confidence and adoption of diagnostic tools suggests a need for continued professional development and standardized protocols.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Efficacy Toward Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Among Intensive Care Unit Healthcare Professionals at a secondary healthcare facility (Ibn Sina teaching hospital – Sirte)
Background: The effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is critically dependent on the capacity and preparedness of health professionals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of CPR among health professionals in the intensive care unit (ICU) at Ibn Sina Hospital in Sirte City, Libya. Methods: A cross -sectional study was conducted among 27 ICU health professionals, including doctors, anesthesia and intensive care technicians, nurses and other specialists. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, CPR training and experience, attitudes to resuscitation and theoretical knowledge, which was assessed through a 15-point test. Results: The study included 27 participants (59.3% male, 40.7% female), including 7 doctors (25.9%), 14 anesthesia and intensive care technicians (51.9%), 3 nurses (11.1%) and 3 other professionals (11.1%). Most (88.8%) had received formal CPR training, and 63.0% had performed CPR before. The attitudes were overwhelmingly positive, with 100% of the participants who agreed that CPR knowledge is an essential part of their work. However, a significant knowledge gap was identified; Only 18.5% of participants scored more than 85% in the theoretical knowledge test, while 33.3% scored less than 65%. While 81.5% believed that their training was sufficient, only 55.5% were confident in their ability to save lives by using their CPR skills. Conclusion:. Despite overwhelming positive attitudes towards the importance of CPR, there are significant failings in theoretical knowledge among health services in ICU at the place of the study. These findings highlight the urgent need for arranged, routine and practical CPR training programs to bridge the lacuna between the approach and the ability, thus improving patient results in cardiac arrests
Evaluation of the Effect of Chemical Acids on Breaking Seed Dormancy of Retama raetam
This study investigated the effectiveness of concentrated mineral acids—sulphuric (H₂SO₄), hydrochloric (HCl), and nitric (HNO₃)—in breaking the physical seed dormancy of Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb, a key leguminous shrub in arid and semi-arid ecosystems of North Africa. Mature seeds were treated with each acid for 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours under controlled laboratory conditions using a completely randomised design. Germination percentage, mean germination rate, and germination speed index were measured to assess treatment efficiency. Results revealed significant differences among treatments (p ≤ 0.001). Sulphuric acid proved most effective, achieving up to 95% germination when exposure lasted 12–24 hours, owing to its capacity to erode lignified and suberised seed coat layers without harming the embryo. Hydrochloric acid showed moderate efficacy at shorter durations (6–12 h), primarily softening the outer testa. In contrast, nitric acid caused oxidative injury and poor germination (<20%) due to its strong oxidising effect on embryonic tissues. The findings confirm that seed coat impermeability is the primary cause of dormancy in R. raetam and can be overcome effectively by controlled sulphuric acid scarification. The study provides a reproducible and low-cost germination protocol applicable to native desert legumes. Ecologically, enhancing R. raetam propagation supports sand dune stabilisation, rangeland rehabilitation, and desertification control in Libya and similar arid environments. This research contributes to the optimisation of propagation techniques for drought-adapted flora and underscores the ecological value of chemical scarification in restoration programmes.
Bacterial Uropathogens in Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns among Patients Attending at Tobruk Medical Center, Tobruk, Libya
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain one of the most widespread infectious diseases globally and represent a major cause of morbidity across all age groups. This study aimed to identify the bacterial pathogens responsible for UTIs and to evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Midstream urine samples were collected from patients attending Tobruk Medical Center, Libya, between August and October 2023, and processed according to standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion technique following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Among 130 urine specimens analyzed, 78 (60%) yielded significant bacterial growth. Females accounted for the majority of positive cultures (55; 42%), compared to males (23; 17.9%). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the predominant uropathogens. Both organisms exhibited high sensitivity to carbapenems (Imipenem and Meropenem), while showing considerable resistance to Cefotaxime and Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole. These findings highlight the need for ongoing antimicrobial surveillance and rational antibiotic prescribing to curb rising resistance rates.
Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Aqueous Plant Extracts Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
This study examined the antifungal activity of cold aqueous extracts from ten locally available plant species in Libya against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, the causal agent of tomato wilt disease. The pathogen was isolated from infected tomato plants collected in the Ain Zara region and identified through cultural and microscopic characteristics, with confirmation using Komada selective medium. Plant materials were extracted by cold maceration, and the resulting solutions were tested using the poisoned food technique at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. Clear differences were recorded among the plant extracts in their ability to inhibit fungal growth. Clove extract was the most effective, achieving complete inhibition at concentrations of 40% and above. Garlic, thyme, and pomegranate peel also showed strong antifungal activity, with garlic producing full inhibition at 80–100% and thyme at concentrations of 60% and higher. In contrast, extracts of wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba) and oleander (Nerium oleander) caused minimal inhibition even at maximum concentration. Microscopic observations revealed that the most active extracts significantly reduced the formation of macroconidia and microconidia after 14 days, while chlamydospores remained less affected. Preliminary phytochemical screening indicated that the highly active extracts contained phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and alkaloids, compounds known to disrupt fungal structures and interfere with essential metabolic processes. These findings demonstrate that aqueous plant extracts—particularly clove, garlic, thyme, and pomegranate—offer promising, environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides. Further greenhouse and field studies are recommended to evaluate their applicability within sustainable disease management programs for tomato production in Libya.
Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies among Babies born In IBN SINA TEACHING Hospital Sirte-Libya during 2024
Congenital anomalies are a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. This study assessed their prevalence, classifications, associated risk factors, and clinical outcomes among neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital, Sirte Libya, all over 2024 Methodology: cross-sectional study conducted among neonates delivered at Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital Sirte-Libya from 1st January 2024 to 31 December 2024. Data collected in special book prepared to include to newborns and maternal variables important in this research including gestational age maternal detailed obstetric history mother, consanguinity and another variable. Result: Among 53 infants with congenital anomalies, the mortality rate was 22.64%. The most common anomalies were syndromic including trisomy 21, trisomy18, followed by gastrointestinal anomalies. Conclusion: Congenital anomalies impose a considerable burden on neonatal health in this population. Risk factors identified included consanguinity, maternal ages, and specific maternal conditions. These findings emphasize the need for evidence-based, targeted interventions to enhance maternal and neonatal outcomes.
A Geomorphological and Environmental Evaluation of Coastal Cliffs Collapse in the Bardai Region, North-eastern Libya
Due to its carbonate-dominated lithology and exposure to tectonic and marine forces, the Bardai coastal region in eastern Libya is extremely susceptible to cliff collapse. The Bardai cliffs' instability has increased due to micro-fracturing caused by recent seismic activity in the eastern Mediterranean, including moderate to powerful earthquakes in Greece and Turkey. Active retreat, undercutting, and massive rockfalls that endanger human safety and coastal ecosystems were found during field observations Similarly, the region's geological formations, such as Al-Jaghoub, Al-Faydiya, and Al-Abraq, cause the rocks to fracture and fragment due to the pressure of the Al-Jaghoub formation layers on other delicate formations. By creating shockwaves that travel through pre-fractured strata, illicit fishing methods involving underwater explosives beneath rocky cliffs have accelerated structural weakening in addition to natural forces. In order to reduce future risks in the Bardai area, it is imperative to assess coastal hazards and implement sustainable management strategies in light of the combined natural and human pressures.
AI-Powered Waste Management in Sirte Municipality
Waste management is one of the most prominent environmental challenges facing contemporary societies, with increasing waste quantities due to population growth and urban expansion. This study aims to explore the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in improving waste management within Sirte Municipality, by following a Descriptive Analytical and Case Study Approach. The researchers developed a working AI-based application model and presented it as a case study to analyze its theoretical feasibility and expected impact on waste management efficiency in the local context. The study results showed that integrating artificial intelligence into waste management systems represents a promising step towards achieving environmental sustainability, by improving sorting processes, reducing waste, and increasing recycling efficiency. The study also recommended the necessity of adopting this applied model by Sirte Municipality and the concerned service companies, and utilizing AI technologies to enhance productivity and reduce waste, contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals.
High Speed Sintering (HSS) Modelling and prediction via Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN)
An additive manufacturing technique called High Speed Sintering (HSS) has enormous potential for producing intricate, superior polymer parts on a large scale. HSS process is modelled in this paper using a novel Radial Basis Function neural network (RBFNN) technique. The data gathered from the HSS process was analysed to determine the healthy/unhealthy data that could achieve a good/bad build. A powerful technique is developed for early fault detection (FD) and, consequently, to predict the quality of the parts produced using HSS. The RBFNN model was validated and tested to assess the robustness of the approach, and the simulation outcomes demonstrated that the faults could be clearly identified, and the quality of the produced parts possibly will be predicted.
Radial Basis Function neural network (RBFNN)
Reducing Oxidation through Multi-Technique Synthesis: Impact on Phase Purity of Fe-Sb Alloys via XRD and Microstructural Study
In this study, Fe-Sb alloy samples were synthesized using various processing techniques with the aim of reducing oxidation and enhancing phase purity. While samples S1 and S2 were prepared in a tube furnace under nitrogen atmosphere, sample S3 was synthesized using a vacuum-assisted current-heating method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a multiphase composition, with FeSb₂ emerging as the dominant phase in the S3 sample. Secondary phases such as elemental Sb, metallic Fe, and a trace amount of Sb2O3 were also identified. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the correlation between the synthesis environment, oxidation degree, and microstructural uniformity. The vacuum-based synthesis of sample S3 effectively minimized oxygen incorporation, resulting in improved phase formation and structural integrity. These findings suggest that controlled synthesis under vacuum conditions is essential for optimizing Fe-Sb alloy systems, particularly when targeting intermetallic phases like FeSb₂ with minimal oxide contamination.
Remarkable Recovery of Low-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome, A case of complete Hematologic Remission .
Background: Pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome is rare and typically presents with unexplained cytopenias. We report a case of a previously healthy 14-year-old male presenting with severe pancytopenia diagnosed as low-risk MDS ,who showed a marked hematologic response to immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine and eltrombopag. Case Presentation: The patient presented with dizziness and severe pancytopenia (anemia , Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia ). Initial workup excluded nutritional deficiencies, viral etiologies, and hemolysis. Bone marrow biopsy revealed hypocellular marrow with rare megakaryocytes and blasts at 2%, consistent with Myelodysplastic sydrome. Management included Intensive care unite admission, transfusions, corticosteroids, cyclosporine, and eltrombopag. Substantial hematologic improvement was seen within three months. Conclusion: Immunosuppressive therapy resulted in full hematologic recovery and normalization of bone marrow function. This case underscores the importance of early recognition and prompt treatment of pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome .
Evaluation of the activity levels and the radiological hazards associated with the imported chemical fertilizers used in Libya
This study provides a preliminary assessment of the levels of natural radioactivity in ten types of local chemical fertilizers collected from markets in Libya. The primary objective was to determine the activity concentrations of the naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40Kl and subsequently evaluate the associated radiological hazard indices. ​Measurements were performed using gamma spectrometry with NaI (Tl) 3″ × 3″ detector. The determined activity concentration ranges were: 226Ra, 232Th and 40Klwere 65.27 ± 3.9–97.46 ± 5.09, 70.26 ± 4–86.3 ± 2.36, and 76.77 ± 7.43–131.79 ± 8.8 Bq kg−1, respectively Furthermore, the calculated radiological parameters showed the following ranges: Radium Equivalent Activity from 174.57 to 228.75 Bq kg−1 Cancer Risk Factor from 0.09 to 0.12 and Absorbed Dose Rate from 77.05 to 101.45 nGy h-1 The obtained concentration and hazard values were systematically compared with established international permissible levels by [UNSEAR 2016]. This research offers crucial baseline data for the radiation safety assessment of chemical fertilizers in Libya .
Enhancing the Efficiency of Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines through Direct Injection Strategies and Thermal Management
Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines (H2-ICEs) present a promising alternative to conventional fossil-fueled engines due to their potential for zero carbon emissions and high efficiency. However, several challenges remain in optimizing their performance, including low volumetric efficiency, pre-ignition tendencies, and thermal losses. This study focuses on improving the efficiency and performance of H2-ICEs through advanced direct injection (DI) strategies and effective thermal management techniques. Direct injection of hydrogen allows for better control of the combustion process, reducing the risk of knock and backfire while enhancing power output by improving air-fuel mixing and volumetric efficiency. The timing and pressure of injection play a critical role in achieving optimal combustion. Additionally, managing heat within the engine through techniques such as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), advanced cooling systems, and thermal barrier coatings helps maintain optimal operating temperatures, reduce heat losses, and improve overall efficiency. By integrating advanced DI systems with thermal management approaches, this research aims to develop a comprehensive strategy for maximizing the performance of hydrogen internal combustion engines, making them a more viable and sustainable solution for future transportation and energy applications.
Effect of ethanolic extract of Ashwagandha and its isolated linoleic acid on the oxidative and reductive biomarkers in rats with induced neurodegeneration
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of an alcoholic extract of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and the fatty acid isolated from it on oxidative and reductive biomarkers in rats whose neurodegenerative disorders were induced by trichloroethylene (TCE). Laboratory animals were divided into eight groups. The first group (negative control) received only distilled water. The second one (positive control) had the disease induced by TCE. The third one was treated with linoleic acid, the fourth with palmitic acid, and the fifth with the alcoholic extract. The sixth group received linoleic acid along with the alcoholic extract. The seventh one received palmitic acid along with the alcoholic extract, and the eighth one received linoleic acid first, followed by the induced disease. The results showed that the TCE-treated rats had a significant decrease in GSH, GPx, and UA and a significant increase in MDA compared to the negative controls. Rats treated with linoleic acid, alcoholic extract, a combination of both, and the pre-treatment linoleic acid group showed noticeable increases in GSH, GPx, and UA and noticeable decreases in MDA compared to the positive control group. Rats treated with palmitic acid showed significant increases in GPx and significant decreases in GSH, MDA, and UA compared to the positive control group. Rats injected with palmitic acid and the extract showed noticeable increases in GSH and GPx and noticeable decreases in MDA and UA compared to the positive control group. Accordingly, this study tried to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Ashwagandha extract and the linoleic acid isolated from it against TCE-induced neurodegeneration in rats.
Performance Assessment of Cathodic Protection Systems for Buried Pipelines under Desert Conditions in Libya
Buried pipelines play a crucial role in transporting oil, gas, and water but are often exposed to external corrosion, particularly in dry, high-resistivity desert soils. Cathodic Protection (CP) applied either by sacrificial anodes (GACP) or by impressed current systems (ICCP) is widely adopted to control corrosion, yet its efficiency largely depends on coating condition, soil characteristics, and the uniformity of current flow. This research investigates the performance of an ICCP system protecting a 10 km underground steel pipeline located in Sabha, southwestern Libya. Field evaluations were conducted during the driest season using Close-Interval Potential Survey (CIPS), Direct Current Voltage Gradient (DCVG) measurements, and anode current readings. Results indicated several under-protected sections with potentials between −0.76 and −0.82 V (Cu/CuSO₄, instant-OFF), corresponding to coating deterioration and restricted current spread. Statistical assessment revealed that soil resistivity, coating quality, and current imbalance jointly influence the level of protection achieved. System optimization through rectifier recalibration, installation of additional sacrificial anodes, and combined CIPS–DCVG inspections improved the overall protection. The outcomes demonstrate that the conventional −0.85 V protection limit may not fully apply under arid conditions and suggest the adoption of adaptive hybrid CP systems supported by real-time monitoring to ensure long-term pipeline integrity.
Evaluation of the Quality of Bottled Water Available in Benghazi, Libya
Water quality indices serve as effective tool for evaluating overall water quality. They are beneficial for decision- makers, stakeholders, and individuals lacking extensive expertise in the numerous parameters that define water quality. This study evaluates the quality of drinking water by employing the weighted arithmetic Water Quality Index (WQI) method, utilizing various physicochemical parameters from five different brands of bottled water available in Benghazi City, Libya. The WQI was calculated for the 14 physicochemical parameters (EC, TDS, pH, total hardness, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, Bicarbonate HCO3-, sulphate, NTU, Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, and Na+). All brands demonstrated excellent quality of drinking water as indicated by their Water Quality Index (WQI) values.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of treating broad bean seeds with fungicides on germination and plant growth
The current study was carried out in a laboratory and a greenhouse at the Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Sirte, during the 2024/2025 season, to determine the effects of soaking faba beans in four different fungicides (Moncerin 25%, Topsin–M70, Rizolex-T50%, and Vitavax-200) on germination percentage and some morphological traits of faba beans under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. These treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The laboratory results showed that the Moncerin 25% fungicide achieved the highest values of faba bean germination percentage after 3, 5, 7, and 10 days, followed by Topsin–M70, while the control treatment had the lowest germination percentage values. Furthermore, compared to the control, which recorded lower values of seed dressing germination percentage, Vitavax-200 recorded the highest dressing germination percentage after 3, 5, 7, and 10 days, followed by Moncerin 25% and Rizolex -T50%. This was true for all fungicides tested. However, in a greenhouse, seed soaking with 25% Moncerin, Rizolex T50%, and Topsin-M70 had a highly significant impact on shoot length, number of leaves, and fresh weight. Furthermore, compared to Rizolex T50% and Moncerin 25%, the germination percentage of faba bean seed soaking was greater with Vitavax-200, Topsin-M70 (83%), and control.
The Prevalence and Association of Micronutrient Deficiencies with Hair Loss in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Hair loss is one of the most frequent dermatological complaints that causes significant stress not only for adult patients but also for children and adolescents and their families. Since the latter are more prone to metabolic deficiencies, the association between this complaint and micronutrient deficiencies is worth evaluating. This study did not explore the prevalence of the disease among the specified age group but only found the association between micronutrient deficiency (vitamin D and iron) among the selected study sample. Methods: a cross-sectional observational study, the study sample was taken from a dermatology clinic in the city of Sirte – Libya, over a time period of 6 months, patients were selected according to their clinical presentation (two main complaints: hair loss and alopecia areata) and according to age (from birth to 15 years old), after careful history, clinical examination and investigations, a total of 35 cases were included and their serum levels of Vit D, Ferritin and calcium were registered and analyzed by SPSS program. Results: A total of 35 cases were evaluated, comprising 27 female and 8 male patients. The mean age of the participants was 11.03 years, with a median age of 12 years and a standard deviation of 3.50198. Of the cases examined, 29 patients (82.86%) reported experiencing hair loss, while 8 patients (17.14%) were diagnosed with alopecia areata. Within the hair loss group, 96.55% were found to have low levels of vitamin D, 34.48% presented with low serum calcium, and 68.97% exhibited low serum iron levels. Among the patients with alopecia areata, 83.3% had a deficiency in vitamin D, 50% had hypocalcemia, and 100% exhibited iron deficiency. Conclusion: The findings indicate a significant prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies associated with hair loss and alopecia areata in children and adolescents. This observation may suggest a potential etiological relationship between these deficiencies and hair-related symptoms. Nevertheless, further large-scale studies are necessary to validate this association.
Carrot Juice as a Natural Adjuvant Therapy: Amelioration of Cisplatin-Induced Testicular and Epididymal Histoarchitectural Disruption
Background: Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent known for its efficacy against various solid tumors. However, its use is limited by significant adverse effects, particularly testicular toxicity, which can impair spermatogenesis and male fertility. Cisplatin-induced testicular damage is primarily mediated through oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Natural antioxidants have garnered attention for their potential to counteract such toxicity. Carrot (Daucus carota) is rich in β-carotene and polyphenols, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the histoprotective effects of fresh carrot juice on cisplatin-induced testicular damage in rabbits, focusing on the preservation of testicular architecture and mitigation of histopathological alterations. Methods: Fifteen adult male rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups: control, cisplatin-treated, and carrot juice + cisplatin. Carrot juice (5 mL/kg/day) was administered orally for four days before and three days after a single intraperitoneal dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg). Testicular and epididymal tissues were harvested and processed for histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Observations were made under light microscopy, and statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: Histological analysis revealed that cisplatin treatment induced marked testicular damage, including degeneration of seminiferous tubules, loss of germ cells, interstitial edema, and disrupted Leydig cell morphology. In contrast, the group pre-treated and post-treated with carrot juice exhibited significant preservation of testicular architecture, with reduced germ cell loss, minimal tubular degeneration, and relatively intact Leydig and Sertoli cells. Epididymal epithelium and sperm maturation structures also appeared better preserved in the carrot-treated group. Conclusion: Fresh carrot juice demonstrated a protective effect against cisplatin-induced testicular histopathological alterations, likely through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings support the potential use of carrot-derived bioactive compounds as adjuvants to reduce chemotherapeutic gonadotoxicity and safeguard male reproductive health.
Unique Case of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated with Pneumococcus in a Young Female Patient Attending Sirt Teaching Hospital, Libya
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an infrequent neurological disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks peripheral nerves, leading to progressive weakness, sensory disturbances, and, in severe cases, paralysis. The precise cause of GBS remains unclear, though it is often preceded by an infection. Common infectious triggers include gastrointestinal pathogens such as Campyl-obacter and respiratory infections like Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza. In this case report, we describe a 25-year-old female who presented with acute dyspnea, bilateral limb weakness, and sensory abnormalities beginning as a "pins-and-needles" sensation in her hands. Her condition rapidly progressed, culminating in septic shock due to Pneumococcus, complicated by Acute Respir-atory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Neurological evaluation confirmed the diag-nosis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome. This case highlights a rare but significant as-sociation between pneumococcal infection and GBS, emphasizing the complexity of its clinical presentation.
A study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among respiratory patients coming to the center for infections and Endemic Diseases in Sirte city, Libya between 2018 and 2023
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Libya has an incidence rate of 53 cases per 100,000 population, but there is no information about other regions, especially from Sirte. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among respiratory patients in Sirte (2018–2023) to address this gap. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on some respiratory patients attending the National Center for Control of Communicable and Endemic Diseases in Sirte, Libya. It included 136 patients . Ziehl-Nielsen stain and the GeneXpert test were used to examine sputum and make the diagnosis. Using SPSS, demographic and clinical data were analyzed, and associations were found using chi-square tests. RESULTS: This study found an 8.08% TB prevalence (11/136 cases), with higher rates in females (13%) than males (5%) (P>0.5). The age group from 16 - 26 years showed the most widespread occurrence at 45.45% and the group from 26 - 37 years demonstrated 31.25% prevalence. The reported cases did not include children between 5 - 15 years old or adults from 58-67years. All infections were recorded among Libyan nationals, with no notable differences based on nationality (P>0.5). The highest prevalence rate of 45.45% appeared in the age group between 16 and 26 years old. Following this group were people between 26 and 37 years old showing a 31.25% occurrence. No instances of this condition were documented in children between the ages of. CONCLUSION: The results indicate an 8.08% prevalence of tuberculosis in patients. These results found an 8.08% tuberculosis (TB) prevalence in patients which occurred at greater percentages among young adults and Libyan nationals. Although statistical significance was not reached about gender and nationality differences, the detected patterns point to potential sociodemographic impacts. The research underscores the requirement to develop better screening methods and implement targeted public health projects while establishing complete surveillance systems that will enhance tuberculosis control in Libya.
Outcomes of 52 cases of surgical mesh repair for paraumbilical hernias
Background: The literature stated that para-umbilical hernias of less than 2cm in diameter could undergo primary suture closure. Mesh repair is preferred for defects greater than 2 cm in diameter. The objective of the study was to assess the result of para-umbilical hernia repair with proline mesh regardless of the size. Patient and Methods: We present a retrospective study of patients with para-umbilical hernia treated with onlay mesh placement and followed for 1–4years. Various factors including sociodemographic data of patients, post-operative complications, morbidity and mortality were examined. Results: The median age of the 52 patients in the series was 46 years old, with ages ranging from 23 to 77. (28.7) was the mean body mass index. Of the 44 female patients, 35 (79.5%) were multipara. Nine cases (17.3%) had recurrent hernias, while 43 cases (82.6%) presented for the first time. 35 patients (67.3%) had a hernia size > 2 cm, while 17 patients (32.6%) had a hernia defect ≤2 cm. Five patients (9.6%) had superficial surgical site infections. Two female patients (3.8%) had seroma. After two years, one patient (1.9%) had a recurrence hernia. Conclusion: All sizes of paraumbilical hernias can be repaired using mesh onlay surgery, which also has a low recurrence rate and equivalent rates of morbidity and recurrence to international standards.
Prevention, early detection and treatment of breast cancer in Benghazi-Libya: Patients’ points of view: A qualitative study
Programs focusing on prevention, early detection, and treatment of breast cancer (BC) are crucial for enhancing survival rates, improving quality of life, reducing morbidity and mortality. Patients’ experiences play important role in detecting gaps in present programs help creating and executing initiatives that raise awareness about risk factors, promote screenings, and ensure early detection and effective management of BC. Aim of the study: - Explore patients’ experiences and knowledge. - Address use of Breast Self-Examination (BSE), screening programs. - Describe financial burden of BC management. Participants and method: Qualitative study during January- March 2022, at Benghazi Medical Center. 31 patients participated. In-depth interviews conducted, recorded. Familiarizations of data, coding, identifying thematic framework, indexing, charting, mapping, interpretation and reporting findings. Results: Half the sample were below fifty, no family history of BC, one-third of patients discovered by (BSE). Two themes developed: 1) Prevention, Education and Early detection: patients lack scientific knowledge of BC risk factors and causes. Two-thirds of patients never applied BSE. Most cases diagnosed in advanced stages. Lack of communication between healthcare providers and patients led to late detection. 2) Diagnosis, treatment and support: public health financing programs inadequacy, medical system weakness led to delay in diagnosis and treatment. Lack of fundings caused out of pockets spending, (catastrophic spending). Need of patient groups to provide medical, psychological and social support. Conclusion: Urgent need to improve screening and diagnosis, treatment and palliative care of BC patients. Need to develop organized frameworks and management guidelines for prevention, early detection and management of BC in Libya.
Time effects on deflection of reinforced concrete beams with large web opening
The objective of the present study is to elucidate the influence of creep and shrinkage on the long-term deflection of reinforced concrete beams that contain a large opening in the web under service sustained loads while also providing practical equations for the design of deflection in reinforced concrete structures predicated on linear creep theory. To achieve this, the simplified equations used in the present EC2, ACI code, and ACI435 are rigorously evaluated and contrasted. In addition, 4RC simply supported reinforced concrete beams (3RC beams with large web opening and 1RC beam without opening) under sustained mid-span load were made and tested, to validate the proposed method. The proposed method, based on a new simplified curvature coefficient, is found simple to use, amenable to programming on compact calculators, and exhibits a high degree of concordance with empirical results, thus, it is concluded that the proposed equations possess a suitable level of practicality for adoption in practice.
A Comparison between steam injection and combined cycle power plant using exergy analysis
The objective of this paper aims is to analyze the performance of a Siemens GT5-2000E gas power plant in West Tripoli using steam injection and combined cycle technologies from an exergy perspective to evaluate energy conversion efficiency and reduce thermal losses. The study relies on real operational data from the power plant. Two gas turbine units were simulated using Aspen Plus to apply the steam injection and combined cycle techniques, while an exergy analysis using the operational data of each system component was performed using Excel. The results showed that the steam injection and combined cycle technologies achieved different exergy efficiencies compared to a standard cycle gas turbine. The exergy efficiency of the two gas units in the conventional cycle was 55.19%. After applying the steam injection technique, the exergy efficiency increased to 74.82% at 15°C, reflecting an improvement of 35.6% compared to the conventional cycle. In contrast, the combined cycle technique recorded an exergy efficiency of 49.10%, representing a lower improvement of 10.1% compared to the conventional cycle. Exergy analysis also revealed that the combustion chamber was the largest contributor to exergy destruction in all cases, accounting for 40–50% of total losses. It can be concluded that the steam injection technique represents the most efficient option from an exergy perspective, as it achieves the highest improvement in energy conversion efficiency and the lowest energy losses compared to the combined cycle and the conventional cycle gas units.
ESP PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION BY USING PIPESIM
Artificial lift systems are among the most extensively employed production methods. Lift methods are required to facilitate production in wells that cannot produce liquids to the surface under their pressure. One of the important types of artificial lift methods, which is lowers the producing bottom hole pressure on the formation to obtain a higher production rate from the well. It is an efficient and reliable method for lifting moderate to high volumes of fluids from wellbores. This study aims to design & Simulate an Electrical submersible pump by using PIPESIM software also to change WC, GOR and Tubing size to observe the effects of each one of them on the ESP design and on production system. The input data from the Nafoora oil field that is operated by the Arabian Gulf Oil Company (AGOCO) a subsidiary of the state owned national oil corporations (NOC).
Antimutagenic effects of the ginger extract of reducing chromosomal mutation induced by cyclophosphamide in male rats
The drug cyclophosphamide (CP) has harmful genetic effects when used with a dose of 5 mg/kg body mass. For this reason, this study was carried out to determine these harmful effects and try to reduce these effects by using the metabolic extract of ginger. Chemotherapeutic treatments are linked to a variety of undesirable outcomes, the most dangerous of which are mutagenesis acts. To measure the possible anti-mutagenic and ginger extract's ability to prevent chromosomal abnormality in bone marrow cells. Four groups, each with seven animals, were used in the experiment. The first group, the control group, consisted of negative control rats fed a regular meal and purified water. In contrast, the second group was given oral cyclophosphamide at a daily amount of 5 mg/kg body mass for four weeks. The third group (the test group), for the duration of four weeks, received 200 mg of ginger extract per kilogram of body weight every day. The fourth group, the protective group, received two phases of treatment: first, 200 mg/kg body mass of ginger extract was given, and then, two hours later, cp (5 mg/kg body mass daily) was received verbally for four weeks. In the CP group, notable changes existed in the chromosome genes of the somatic and mitotic index and an increased frequency of chromosomal changes in terms of structure and number. These results describe the chromosomal effects of CP free radicals. Chromosome aberration is reduced in comparison to the test group when ginger extract is used; chromosomes in bone marrow cells are negatively impacted by CP. Chromosomal studies in bone marrow cells of rats indicate that the CP at 5mg/Kg causes an increase in the level of chromosomal aberrations. These aberrations include ring chromosomes, breaks in the chromosomes and chromatids and in the centromere region, and other aberrations. However, when the ginger extract was given before the CP, the level of chromosomal aberration defects was reduced in comparison with the positive control. The current study concludes that the ginger extract had an anti-mutagenic effect when given at the dose of 200g /Kg before the CP. It can be used as a protective and therapeutic treatment agent since it has a preventive effect against the mutagenic effects of CP.
The Impact of Gamma Radiation on Aluminum Alloy Thermal Conductivity Alumina Composite 6063
The thermal conductivity of aluminum alloy 6063 alloy reinforced with alumina particles was studied. Aluminum alloy 6063 alloy matrix composites reinforced with varying weight percentage of alumina particles (0, 3, 5, 7) were prepared using the stir casting technique. Under normal circumstances (before to irradiation), the thermal conductivity tests were performed for every weight percentage. Because of the reinforcement material, we observe that the values of thermal conductivity drop as the weight % increases. Following exposure to gamma rays emitted from cesium, which has a half-life of 30.04 years and an emitted energy of 662 KeV, tests of thermal conductivity are conducted. When compared to thermal conductivity readings under normal circumstances, the results indicate a drop in thermal conductivity levels following irradiation. The thermal conductivity of the developed composites was analyses and compared with the matrix alloy. The experimental results showed that the composition ratio of reinforcement and gamma radiation influenced the structure of aluminum alloy 6063 alloy through homogeneously dispersed within the matrix and point defect. It can be leading to destroyed in thermal conductivity.