Scientific Journal for Faculty of Science-Sirte University

Theoretical Study of the Electronic Structure of Bupivacaine and Lidocaine as Local Anesthetic Agents

Aisha Alabbsi — 2025-04-17

Local anesthetics are widely used pharmaceuticals with numerous therapeutic effects that bind or inhibit other substances that bind to the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2 ARs). It was assumed there was a correlation between alkyl chain size of anesthetics and the degree of beta2 AR inhibition required. The findings of this research would utilize quantum computational methods, with special emphasis on DFT and TD-DFT, to study the structural and electronic properties of local anesthetics bupivacaine (B) and lidocaine (L). Important electronic parameters determined include ELUMO and EHOMO, dipole moment (μ), electronegativity (χ), electron affinity (A), chemical hardness (η), chemical softness(S), and ionization potential (I). All these parameters are very significant in understanding the reactivity and interaction of these molecules with biological systems.

Theoretical Investigation on Molecular Structure-Chemical Quantum Calculation of 7-Methyl-1,2,3-Triazole[4,5-c]Pyridine (Computer Simulation Program)

Eslam Abo Alwafa — 2025-04-17

Theoretical investigation of 1H- and 3H-7-methyl-1,2,3-triazole[4,5-c]pyridine tautomers and chemical quantum calculation have been studied using density function theory (DFT) (PED, optimized bond lengths and angles) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level.

The result reveals Optimized bond lengths and angles in good agreement with X-ray data of other triazole-pyridine compounds. The result of chemical quantum calculation reveals that the vibrational characteristics of the triazole compound display several distinct patterns that remain almost unchanged in the vibrations of compounds containing the same structure. The vibrational characteristics of the triazole-pyridine system show distinct patterns that are consistent across similar compounds with the same core structure.

The findings highlight the transferability of vibrational patterns in triazole-pyridine systems, which is useful for spectroscopic identification and further chemical design.

Towards a Better Knowledge of the Neurotoxic Effects of Occupational Exposure to Organic Solvents on Human Health: A Review Study

Fathia A. Mosa — 2025-04-17

This review examines existing studies on the effects of exposure to the organic solvent (OS) on human health, whereby the focus is on its associations with dementia, Alzheimer's and chronic-solvent-induced encephalopathy (CSE). OSs also known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are widely used in industries such as pharmaceuticals, construction, and manufacturing due to their ability to dissolve non-aqueous substances. Despite their utility, many OSs, including benzene, toluene, and hexane, are highly toxic and pose significant health risks, particularly to workers in high-exposure occupations. Prolonged exposure to these solvents has been linked to severe neurotoxic effects, including CSE, cognitive impairments, and neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The lipophilic nature of OSs allows them to accumulate in lipid-rich tissues, including the brain, disrupting neurological functions and contributing to long-term cognitive decline.
This research reviews the mechanisms of OS-induced neurotoxicity, emphasizing the role of volatility, lipophilicity, and metabolic pathways in determining bioavailability and health impacts. It highlights the disproportionate burden of exposure on vulnerable populations, such as migrant workers and those in low-resource settings, and discusses the economic and social implications of solvent-related cognitive disorders. Conflicting evidence and research gaps are addressed, underscoring the need for large-scale, longitudinal studies to establish definitive causal relationships between solvent exposure and cognitive decline.
To mitigate these risks, it recommends stricter regulatory measures, improved workplace safety protocols, enhanced worker education, and ongoing health monitoring. By prioritizing proactive interventions, industries can reduce occupational solvent-related health risks, protect vulnerable workers, and promote safer work environments. This review underscores the importance of balancing industrial productivity with public health, advocating for a precautionary approach to solvent exposure management.

Fibrous Cerium Phosphate and its Intercalated-Urea Product as Versatile Adsorbents for Mercury (II) Removal

Souad M. Kshed — 2025-04-17

Fibrous Nano cerium Phosphate was achieved by reacting Cerium Sulphate solution with phosphoric acid at 80°C for several hours. Furthermore, Urea was intercalated into the prepared f-cerium phosphate. Techniques like Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize these products. Under various conditions, the products were examined to their adsorption capability to extract mercury (II) ions from aqueous solution. The semicrystalline nature of the phosphates was demonstrated by XRD, and the interlayer d-spacings for the cerium phosphate and urea-intercalated compounds were 10.6 and 11.3 Å, respectively. The FTIR spectra of the intercalated phosphate showed an additional peak at 1400 cm⁻¹ corresponding to C-N stretching confirming the presence of urea. The SEM showed a fibrous morphology of the cerium phosphate with a particle size of 16mm. The optimum adsorption conditions were at pH values 3.0 at a reaction time interval of 30 minutes. Pure cerium phosphate behaved differently from intercalated cerium phosphate, which consistently showed a decrease in adsorption percentage as the initial ion concentration increased. Both phosphates showed a systematic increase in adsorption percentage as the adsorbent amount increased, however, pure cerium phosphate showed greater adsorption ability than its intercalated analogue. Both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were used, and their linearity curves are comparable. For pure and intercalated chemicals, the Langmuir model yielded R² values of 0.5351 and 0.7283, respectively. According to the Freundlich model, the pure and intercalated phosphates R² values were 0.5823 and 0.8649 respectively. Although a low correlation is observed, the intercalated material fit both isotherms and showed a slightly better behaviour.

The synergistic relationship between Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Zoledronic acid (ZOMETA) drug in their effect on Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Morad barka — 2025-04-17

In this study, we investigated the synergistic relationship between some antibiotics from the aminoglycosides functional group, which were Chloramphenicol (C30µg), CEFOTETAN (CTT30µg), AMIKACIN (AK30) and CEFAMANDOLE (MA) and the chemical drug Zoledronic acid (ZOMETA 4g) which is used in Cancer treatment. This study focuses on their Effect on Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus using disc diffusion method for anti-susceptibility test, and spectrophotometry method for bacteria cells count. The results of the Zoledronic acid anti-susceptibility test showed that it had no effect on both bacteria. However, the antibiotic's anti-susceptibility test on B. cereus showed resistance to the antibiotic (C30) and (MA 30), also showed the highest susceptibility pattern to the antibiotic (AK 30). while the lowest susceptibility pattern was for the antibiotic (CTT 30). While on S. aureus bacteria showed resistance to antibiotic (MA 30), with the highest susceptibility pattern to antibiotic (C 30), and the lowest susceptibility pattern to antibiotic (AK 30); The results of the synergy test (the relationship between the Zoledronic acid and the antibiotic) on both B. cereus and S. aureus bacteria showed that all antibiotics have a synergistic relationship with the drug.

Effect of hypoxia on release TNF alpha by dendritic cells and macrophage derived from myeloid cells of mice

fatima M. Mohamed — 2025-04-17

Hypoxia is low levels of oxygen and is a common feature during inflammation associated with numerous inflammatory diseases and infections. Dendritic cells and macrophages are significant immune defensive cells with a range of functions that include phagocytosis, secretion and release of an extensive kind of proteins including cytokines and chemokines, and are typically found in areas where oxygen availability is low, especially during inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor type alpha (TNF α) is a cytokine that is expressed by various cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, and other non-immune cells against infections. It is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine that regulates inflammatory cells and responses.

This study focused on comparing the effects of hypoxia on the release of TNF alpha levels by dendritic cells and macrophages derived from myeloid cells of C57BL/6J mice in vitro using the ELISA test. Hypoxia is used because of the associated changes in the living body of the mouse.

Non-stimulated macrophages and dendritic cells derived from myeloid incubated in parallel in hypoxia and normoxia showed the production of TNF-α in both conditions; however, both dendritic cells and macrophages released more TNF-α in normoxia than in hypoxia. The production of TNF-alpha was higher in dendritic cells compared to macrophages. In brief, the comparisons between normoxia and hypoxia on the release of TNF alpha by dendritic cells and macrophages derived from myeloid cells of non-stimulated mice were shown.

The Effects of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome on Pregnant Women

Arwa A. Ahmed — 2025-04-17

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may be a differentiated glandular disease that affects body systems and causes metabolic and reproductive complications or disorders in women of childbearing age. The study was designed to know the criteria and symptoms that appear on women in the city of Mosul as a result of having polycystic ovarian syndrome PCOS. Objective :The aim of the study is a determine the incidence of the disease and its complications in the city of Mosul. Method : The study was conducted on a hundred seventy women , 35 of them were in the control group, whereas 135 of them were the affected women of various ages, The study included a number of criteria (social situation, age at which the infection occurred, whether pregnancy occurred without treatment, how long did it take to become pregnant after infection, did polycystic disease lead to infertility, did polycystic disease lead to abortion, did infection lead to birth defects, Symptoms accompanying the injury), Result : The results showed that the highest rate of infection was among married women, while the results showed that the highest percentage of the age at which the infection occurred was between 18-36 , and the results showed that pregnancy did not occur without treatment, in some cases it took several years for pregnancy to occur as a result of the syndrome. The disease led to infertility and abortion, and the most prominent symptoms were menstrual disorders, hirsutism, obesity and other symptoms. Conclusion: The incidence of polycystic ovaries is higher among married women, and it also induces missgrage , infertility and menstrual disorders, while the study did not find a significant increase in the proportion of deformed fetuses

Sulphur, Organic Carbon, Organic Nitrogen, Iron Relationships and Diagenesis of Black Shales in Tenom and Ranau Regions , West Sabah, Malaysia.

Amer Burgan — 2025-04-17

The sediments investigated in this paper constitute part of the Temburong and Trusmadi formations outcropping in the Tenom and Ranau area located in the Western part of Sabah state, Malaysia. The aims of this paper were to analyzed and determine the various forms of (organic and inorganic sulphur), organic carbon, organic nitrogen, iron, total sulphur, and pyrite sulphur which was determined in two organic fractions (bitumen and kerogen) as well as in the total rock of these carbonaceous sediments, and also to assess the relationships between C, S, and N content in the early stage of microbial diagenesis of the studied black shales. The bulk geochemistry concentration, especially the C-S relationships, showed the important role of reactive iron in controlling the extent of pyrite formation. The high values of the degree of pyritization (DOP) which ranges from 0.99 to 1.0 suggested that iron has been exhausted by pyrite formation (i.e. iron- limited conditions) in all the study samples. The reduced sulphur in these study samples increases with burial depth and time. This pattern suggested the continuous diagenetic addition of reduced sulphur under conditions where the time and depth of burial are related. Kerogen appears to be uniform in N and S content, but both components vary in bitumen. N contents in bitumen show no covariance with any other parameters, but bitumen always has a much higher C/N ratio than kerogen. The presence of pyrite framboids is an additional evidence for poorly oxygenated (anoxic) bottom waters depositional environment.

Investigation of Sedimentary Microfacies and mineralogical analyses of the Coastal Rock Cliffs (Wadi al-Zaytoun) in the Al Jaghbub, Al Faidyah, and Abraq Formations, NE Libya

Mohamed Masoud — 2025-04-17

This study analyzes the bulk mineralogy and microfacies of the Al Jaghbub, Al Faidyah, and Abraq Formations, NE Libyaalong the Eastern Libya coastline using X-ray diffraction (XRD) on five samples from different geomorphological units. The results show a dominance of terrigenous minerals—mainly quartz, albite, and kaolinite—alongside carbonate minerals (calcite and dolomite) and evaporite minerals, particularly halite. Quantitative analysis reveals significant mineral proportion variations Al Abraq Formation contains high levels of dolomite (87.9%) and albite (7.9%), while Al Faidiyah Formation is predominantly calcite (98.9%). Halite appears in All Formations, indicating evaporative processes, and kaolinite in Sample 3 suggests fluvial influence or older sediment reworking. Microfacies analysis, conducted on thin sections from Wadi al-Zaytoun, identified five types: (1) dolomite wackestone, (2) foraminiferal bioclast packstone, (3) dolomitic wackestone, (4) foraminiferal bioclastic packstone, and (5) echinoidal, foraminiferal, algal packstone.

These microfacies display features indicating deposition in various environments, ranging from arid tidal flats to high-energy shallow marine settings. Diagenetic processes such as the replacement of micritic matrices with sparry calcite and the formation of coarse dolomite crystals highlight the roles of fluid migration and redox fluctuations.

A Study on the Assessment of Lead and Copper Elements in a Designated Areas of Agricultural Soil in the City of Benghazi, Libya

Heiam Hamed — 2025-04-17

This study investigates the concentrations of lead and copper in soil samples collected from different locations, analyzing the potential contamination of heavy metals and their implications for the environment. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in lead concentrations between the samples (ranging from 9.45 mg/kg to 24.75 mg/kg) with the highest concentration observed in sample number 6. These levels exceed permissible limits in several countries, suggesting potential soil contamination, which warrants further evaluation of the impact on plant growth and agriculture. Additionally, copper concentrations ranged from 5.65 mg/kg to 15.10 mg/L, with significant differences observed at a probability level of less than 0.001. These findings are consistent with previous research indicating that high levels of copper accumulation can lead to soil toxicity and hinder plant nutrient absorption. The study highlights the importance of monitoring and mitigating heavy metal pollution in soil to prevent adverse effects on ecosystems, agricultural productivity, and human health.

Endmic plants in the Yabraq valley Alwadeea District, Abyan Governorate-Yemen

Rania F. M. Farag — 2025-04-17

Yemen is characterized by its rich plant diversity, featuring endemic plants unique to its environment, as well as near-endemic plants that are restricted to the Arabian Peninsula. This study aimed to inventory the endemic and near-endemic plant species in Yabraq Valley, as these species serve as geographical indicators of their regions and have various uses, including in food and medicine. The study results revealed the presence of six plant species endemic to Yemen alone, 23 species shared between Yemen and the ArabianPeninsula, 21 species endemic at the regional level. The total number of endemic, near-endemic, and regionally endemic species reached 50, belonging to 33 genera distributed across 22 plant families. In this study, the plant family with the highest number of endemic species was Apocynaceaea, comprising eight species (16%), followed by Euphorbiaceae with five species (10%). The families Asphodelaceaea, Mimosaceae, and Acanthaceae each contained four species, representing (8%) each, while Asteraceae and Lamiaceae had three species each, accounting for (6%).

Assessment of Juniperus Phoenicea L. Seedling Produced via Tissue Culture Using RAPD Analysis

Rabha M. Mohammed — 2025-04-17

Woody plants are more difficult to reproduce than other plant species found in nature. In addition to seed dormancy, which is caused by inhibitors in the embryo, endosperm, and/or testicle, Phoenicia, like other juniper species, does not exhibit a high rate of plant production by germination of seeds.

This research's primary goals were to propagate Juniperus phoenicea L. (J. phoenicea) using tissue culture by identifying a promising protocol for utilizing kinetin (0.5 mg/l^-1 with Murashige and Skoog 1962, MS), Rugini Olive Medium 1984, ROM, and Lloyd and McCown 1980, WPM to break the secondary dormancy of seeds. Additionally, RAPD fingerprints were used for molecular analysis to determine the total genomic DNA of the parent plant compared to the in vitro plant obtained.

The RAPD-PCR products they obtained demonstrated a high percentage of polymorphism resulting from using BA-K5 as a primer compared to BA-K2. The results showed that the medium (WPM) supplemented with 0.5 g/l⁻¹ kin gave the highest significant increment for germination percentage (60%), while MS gave the lowest germination rate (8%). The study concludes that the in vitro culture method for zygotic embryo germination may be a viable way to overcome the challenges posed by poor juniper germination rates and boost seed propagation