مجلة جامعة سرت للعلوم الانسانية

The Glass Ceiling and its Relationship to Job Alienation

2025-11-26T18:09:23+00:00

This study aimed to identify the relationship between the glass ceiling and job alienation among female employees of the Benghazi Municipality. Due to the small size of the study community, the comprehensive survey method was used to collect data, The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, and used a questionnaire as a tool for collecting data. It was distributed to a study Population of (40) female employees. (35) valid questionnaires were retrieved for analysis, with a response rate of (87.5%). Therefore, the data were analyzed as representing a sample of the community, The study data were analyzed using the statistical package program (SPSS). The study reached many results, the most prominent of which was the existence of a significant relationship between the phenomenon of the glass ceiling and job alienation among female employees of the Benghazi Municipality. The study also recommended the following: It is necessary to ensure the inclusion of females in the Benghazi Municipality and to train and develop them in order to develop their skills and abilities so that they can accomplish their work better. And to work on empowering women in senior administrative positions in the Benghazi Municipality, and to provide them with the opportunity to stand out in the pioneering labor market like men.

The Inflection and Indeclinability of Adverbial Expressions in Juz' Tabarak

2025-11-27T17:49:44+00:00

This study clarifies one of the most important phenomena in Arabic grammar, which is the cases of declension ('i‘rāb') and indeclinability ('banā’') of adverbs of both types (temporal and spatial) in Juz’ Tabarak, which is the twenty-ninth part of the Quran, and its number of surahs is eleven: Surah Al-Mulk, Al-Qalam, Al-Haqqah, Al-Ma‘arij, Nuh, Al-Jinn, Al-Muzzammil, Al-Muddaththir, Al-Qiyamah, Al-Insan, and Al-Mursalat.

The study sheds light on the precise rules of the phenomenon of declension and indeclinability of adverbs through the grammatical rules specific to this phenomenon, compiling them in a concise study and focusing on the applied aspect in the Quranic text. Most of the adverbs are declinable, some are indeclinable, and some come as declinable at times and indeclinable at other times.

The study relied on the statistical method, the descriptive method, and some other methods as needed, such as the historical method and the analytical method

Textual Cohesion in Lady Aisha’s Words of Mercy Toward Her Father A Linguistic and Critical Study

2025-11-27T17:57:27+00:00

This research aims to uncover the elements of textual cohesion and their impact on linking the text's parts and achieving cohesion and cohesion between them. This is done through an application to an Arabic linguistic text, namely the words of Lady Aisha (may God be pleased with her) in supplication for mercy for her father, Abu Bakr (may God be pleased with him), in two of her sermons (peace be upon her).

I followed the steps of the descriptive method, with its procedures including description, analysis, interpretation, and deduction, in an attempt to uncover the dimensions of the elements of textual cohesion contained in Arabic linguistic texts from the perspective of modern rhetorical studies. The study also analyzes the aesthetics of phrasing, composition, and structure in illuminating meaning from a critical perspective.

The research consists of an introduction and a preface, two chapters, a conclusion, and a glossary of references and sources.

The research yielded results, the most important of which are: the necessity of monitoring linguistic development by applying modern linguistic achievements to the Arabic language to demonstrate the convergence between various languages.

The privacy of electronic documentation in Libyan and comparative law

2025-11-27T18:05:31+00:00

Electronic documentation has become a modern alternative to traditional documentation that relies on paper documents, by utilizing technological means such as digital signatures, electronic certificates, and encryption techniques, which provide a high level of security and trust in electronic transactions. Electronic documentation possesses unique characteristics that make it more efficient than traditional documentation, whether in terms of speed, protection against forgery and alteration, or the possibility of verification and auditing. However, these advantages can only be realized if the electronic documenter adheres to a set of legal and technical standards that ensure the validity of electronic documents and their evidentiary value before the competent authorities. Many countries have established legal texts to regulate it, including Libya and Egypt, where legislators in both countries have enacted laws that grant electronic documentation legal validity in evidence when it meets its essential requirements.

Drought and its effects on the components of the natural environment in the Bani Waleed region

2025-11-27T18:10:49+00:00

The study aims to identify one of the natural hazards to which the study area is exposed due to its astronomical and geographical location .drought is one of the most complex environmental problems and its effects are reflected on various elements and systems of the natural environment. due to the fragility of the ecosystem in the Bani Waleed region, drought has significantly affected soil, vegetation and rain-fed agriculture, which contributed significantly to the creation of other environmental problems, the most important of which are dust storms, which had a negative impact on the natural and human environment in the region, through their impact on human health and most prominent activities such as agriculture and transportation.

Arab Feminist philosophy: The Question of Essence and Development

2025-11-27T18:17:44+00:00

This study aims to identify one of the feminist intellectual currents or movements that emerged in the Arab world with cultural and social contents. It took a philosophical pattern as an attempt to reconcile social reality with openness to the outside world, taking among its objectives the most important issues, namely the pursuit of women’s liberation, the break with her religion and the culture of her society, and her equality with man in political, economic, and social rights. This is centered on the question of essence through the woman’s position in her society on the one hand, and the question and affirmation of her identity, her liberation, and her equality with man on the other hand.

Libyan media students' attitudes toward the use of artificial intelligence technologies in scientific research "A field study on a sample of Libyan university students"

2025-11-27T18:22:32+00:00

This research aims to identify the trends of media students at Libyan universities towards the use of artificial intelligence technologies in scientific research, as this research is considered a descriptive research that relies on the survey method. The research community consisted of students of media colleges and departments at Libyan universities during the academic year (2024/2025), who are familiar with artificial intelligence technologies in the context of scientific research. A simple random sample was used to select the research items, and the sample size amounted to (335) male and female students from various media colleges and departments at Libyan universities. The research relied on the questionnaire as the main tool for collecting data. This research also relied on the theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), and reached a set of results, the most important of which are: Reference and source search tools such as (Research Rabbit) are the most used by Libyan media students, followed by text generation and improvement tools (such as ChatGPT). While Libyan media students realize the ease of using artificial intelligence, they need external support, as (65.6%) expressed their inability to use it without assistance. The research recommends enhancing practical training on artificial intelligence tools. Especially the advanced ones, to bridge the gap in actual use.

Sheikh Mahmoud Abdel Salam Sobhi and his role in the Algerian issue (1920-1962 AD)

2025-11-27T19:23:37+00:00

This study examines the pioneering role played by Sheikh Mahmoud Sobhi, as one of the most prominent figures of the national elite in the contemporary history of Libya. In the context of Libyan-Maghreb relations, he was distinguished by his knowledge, jurisprudence, and culture, in addition to his sincere support for Arab national issues and the Algerian cause during the period of French occupation, especially since the outbreak of the revolution in 1954 until the declaration of Algerian independence in 1962. Sheikh Mahmoud Sobhi was one of the supporters of the Committee for the Support of the Algerian Revolution and played an effective role in mobilizing various segments of the Libyan people to provide popular support for the Algerian Revolution. He was not just a symbolic supporter, but rather a real player in the popular movement. And the Libyan politician who supported the revolution, which reflected the vital role he played, like the rest of the national elites who supported the Arab liberation movements in North Africa in general and Algeria in particular..

Exploring Attitudes and Strategies in L2 Writing: A Qualitative Study of EFL Students at Sebha University

2025-11-27T19:31:33+00:00

Writing in a second language involves both cognitive and affective challenges, yet limited research has explored the interaction of emotional and strategic factors among Libyan EFL learners. This study addresses this gap by examining students’ attitudes and strategies throughout the writing process. A qualitative design was employed using semi-structured interviews and classroom observations with Libyan university EFL students. The data were analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns across participants’ emotional, strategic, and behavioral responses to writing tasks. Three central themes were identified: (1) emotional orientations toward writing, (2) strategic approaches to planning and revision, and (3) behavioral patterns before, during, and after writing. Participants reported a continuum of emotions from confidence to anxiety and employed diverse strategies such as outlining, freewriting, and audience awareness. Observational data confirmed consistent behaviors, including pre-writing preparation and post-writing reflection. The findings underscore writing as a complex process influenced by emotional, cognitive, and environmental factors. Pedagogically, the study highlights the need for instructional practices that integrate emotional support and strategic guidance to enhance EFL learners’ writing competence and confidence.

The Methodology of Directing Readings in the Book "Taqrib al-Ma'ani" A Descriptive and Analytical Study of the Verses in Surat al-Baqarah

2025-11-27T19:46:34+00:00

This research aims to elucidate the linguistic methodology employed in the book Taqrib al-Ma'ani fi Sharh Hirz al-Amani by Sayyid Lashin Abu al-Farah and Khalid bin Mohammed al-Ilmi. This is achieved through an applied study of the passages dedicated to directing the Quranic readings (Qira'at) within Surah Al-Baqarah. The study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology by extracting all relevant passages from the book, then classifying and analyzing them to uncover the principles upon which the authors based their explanations. The findings indicate that the authors relied primarily on linguistic reasoning at the syntactic (I'rab), morphological, and phonological levels. Their approach is characterized by conciseness and focus, staying true to the book's title, "Approximating the Meanings," which aims for simplification and facilitation. The analysis also revealed the book's emphasis on the semantic integration of the different readings, demonstrating how each reading offers a complementary dimension that enriches the text without contradiction. The study concludes that Taqrib al-Ma'ani presents a clear methodological model for simplifying the science of directing the Qira'at for contemporary learners.

The Mujahid Ahmad al-Sharif al-Sanusi between the National Resistance Movement in Libya and World War I (1912-1916)

2025-11-27T20:00:06+00:00

Ahmed al-Sharif al-Sanusi is considered one of the most prominent leaders of the Senussi movement, who opposed European colonialism. He began his struggle and jihad against French colonialism in Chad. After the Italian invasion of Libya in 1911, he reorganized the Senussi movement through the zawiya, which spread throughout many cities. Due to his religious status and good relations with the Ottoman Empire, which controlled Libya during that period, he was able to lead the resistance movement in Barqa, especially after many of its tribes rallied around him and he formed a system of roles that contributed to the success of the resistance movement during the period of his leadership of it, in cooperation with some Turkish officers present in Barqa.

His participation in the First World War had a major impact on the resistance movement due to the circumstances and Turkish policy aimed at convincing him by all means to enter this war, the results of which led to his exit from Libya.

Dimensions of Organizational Silence in the University: A Field Study on a Sample of Faculty Members in Libya (Sebha University as a Model)

2025-11-27T20:08:37+00:00

The present study aimed to identify the dimensions of organizational silence within the university organization in Libya (Sebha University as a model).

The study employed the descriptive method, with a sample consisting of (200) faculty members who responded to the electronic questionnaire prepared for this research.

The study was conducted during the Fall semester of 2024. The questionnaire consisted of five dimensions measuring organizational silence in the university organization (Sebha University), namely:

organizational beliefs toward faculty members, feedback, organizational politeness, fear of negative responses, and weak organizational belonging.

The study reached several findings, the most important of which are:

- The ranking of organizational silence dimensions was as follows: first, fear of feedback with a mean of (3.43) and a standard deviation of (1.04);

second, organizational beliefs about faculty members with a mean of (3.37) and a standard deviation of (1.11);

third, organizational loyalty with a mean of (2.70);

fourth, fear of negative responses from the organization with a mean of (2.63);

and fifth, weak organizational belonging with a mean of (2.42) and a standard deviation of (1.09).

- No statistically significant differences were found in the dimensions of organizational silence attributed to gender.

- Statistically significant differences were found according to academic rank, in favor of Associate Professors and Lecturers,

in the dimensions of organizational beliefs toward faculty members and organizational politeness.

التعليم الجامعي وفلسفة التوافق مع المجتمع التكنولوجي والتعليم الرقمي

2025-11-27T20:17:45+00:00

The new technological system of the contemporary state has led to a new socio-ecological and educational model. The most obvious forms of modernization are open global trade markets and the globalization of cultures and educational philosophies within a new global space. Based on this logic, the university seeks, through its educational system, to align and harmonize with society's technological environment and digitize its educational systems. Accordingly, university education has become more preoccupied with personal and specialized technologies and with regard to developing cognitive or professional attainment in the digital age.

In this context, educational activities at the university have become primarily based on the principle of competence and the development of human resources within a competitive educational framework, emphasizing the "instrumental mind" as the basic model of rationality.

Faculty Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence's Role in Enhancing Academic Performance: Field Study at Sebha University, Libya

2025-11-28T16:44:48+00:00

This study explores the faculty member's perspective towards the influence of AI on academic productivity in the context of Sebha University, Libya in terms of teaching, research and service activities. This cross-sectional study employed a descriptive-analytical method and data were gathered from 240 faculty members through a validated questionnaire. The study fills a gap in knowledge on AI readiness in resource-constrained higher education settings. Positive faculty attitudes about the integration of AI into the curriculum are reported in most subject areas. Findings: Gender and academic degree were found to have no significant effect, and evidence indicated that years of experience significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected faculty attitudes. The results suggest a baseline acceptance and preparedness among the faculty, providing strategic opportunities for administrative leadership. The research suggests building up an overall regime covering technology boosting, targeted training and clear regulation policies for AI implementation. These findings will inform policy makers in navigating digital transformation in Libyan and other similar development contexts and highlight the significance of faculty perceptions in successful technology adoption strategies.

The Role of Human Resource Management Strategies in Raising the Level of Job Performance in Public Higher Education Institutions in Al-Bayda city.

2025-11-28T16:57:52+00:00

This study aims to analyze the role of human resource management strategies in raising the level of job performance in public higher education institutions in the Libyan city of Al-Bayda. This study focused on five main strategies that represent the dimensions of the independent variable: recruitment strategy, training and development strategy, performance evaluation strategy, compensation and rewards strategy, and empowerment strategy and were measured their relationship and impact on the dependent variable, which is the job performance of administrative employees in these institutions. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, and a purposive sample was used to collect data from (92) individuals from the original study population consisting of (120) employees, relying on (79) valid questionnaires for analysis. The study used a number of statistical methods, including: Cronbach's alpha coefficient to measure reliability, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis to examine the relationships between variables, and linear regression analysis to measure impact and test hypotheses. The study results revealed a moderate to strong positive correlation between the five human resource management strategies and job performance. The results also indicated a strong positive and significant impact of the training and development strategy, as well as the empowerment strategy and the compensation and rewards strategy, on improving job performance. The impact of the performance evaluation strategy was moderate. The recruitment strategy, however, showed a less significant impact compared to the other strategies, despite a moderate correlation with job performance. The study recommended focusing on developing continuous training programs, activating job empowerment practices, and improving reward and motivation systems. It also called for reviewing recruitment policies to ensure greater transparency and efficiency, and developing performance evaluation mechanisms to reflect the actual efforts of employees and contribute to motivating them to improve their performance.

The Level of Intolerance among Students of the College of Applied and Educational Sciences in Al-Nadrah.

2025-11-28T17:09:16+00:00

The research aimed to determine the level of fanaticism among students College of Applied and Educational Sciences in Al Nadrah , and identify the nature of differences in intolerance among college students according to variables (gender, academic specialization, academic level, and marital status). The sample included (120) male and female students who were selected using a simple random sampling method, from the third and fourth levels, and from various academic specializations. The researcher constructed a scale of intolerance among university students. After verifying the validity and reliability of the scale in more than one way, it was applied to the research sample. The results showed that the level of fanaticism among the research sample was high, as the achieved arithmetic mean for the sample reached (112.16) points, compared to (102) for the hypothetical mean of the scale. There were statistically significant differences between the two averages at the level of (0.05) in favor of the achieved mean. The highest level of fanaticism among the sample members was in the area of fanaticism . The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in fanaticism according to the gender variable in all areas of the scale, except for the total score of the sample, where statistically significant differences were found in favor of males. In the educational level variable, the results indicated that there were statistically significant differences between third and fourth year students in the area of sexual fanaticism and the total score in favor of third year students. No statistically significant differences were found in the rest of the areas (intellectual, political, and tribal). In the educational specialization variable, statistically significant differences were found at the (0.5) level in the area of political fanaticism, in favor of those with scientific specialization. No differences were found in the rest of the scale areas. In the marital status variable (single - married), the results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of areas and the total score in the level of fanaticism. Recommendations and proposals were made in accordance with the research results

Analysing the Impact of Multiple Constraints on the Solution Point in Game Theory: A Theoretical Study into Problems of Type (m×2) or (2×n)

2025-11-28T17:14:40+00:00

This paper addresses an atypical challenge in solving game-theoretic problems via the graphical method when the payoff matrix is of dimensions (m×2) or (2×n), implying that one player is limited to at most two strategies. The graphical method represents the two-strategy player’s options as the axes of a plane, while the second player’s strategies manifest as linear constraints. The optimal solution for the first player is then determined by the intersection of these constraints, discarding any that do not influence the solution point. The focus of this study is on the special scenarios where the solution point for the first player is defined by more than two constraints, which contrasts with the standard case, in which the solution point arises from the intersection of exactly two constraints. Such instances are non generic and require careful handling due to the presence of additional constraints. The paper aims to analyze this case using linear programming, with a focus on how to identify and exclude constraints when solving the second player’s problem via the graphical method, It also seeks to examine the impact of excluding these constraints on both players in order to ensure the attainment of the correct optimal solution. Moreover, it contributes to a deeper understanding of the solution procedure of the graphical method; especially in non-standard cases that pose additional challenges for the use of the graphical method. Through this analysis, the active constraints that must be used in the graphical solution process are identified, which implies excluding inactive constraints and considering them as redundant, thereby not to be utilized in the graphical solution procedure.

Effectiveness of ChatGPT in Improving Academic Writing Among EFL Libyan Tertiary Female Learners

2025-11-29T12:23:56+00:00

This study investigates the effectiveness of ChatGPT in enhancing English academic writing skills among 17 female students from the English Language Department, Faculty of Arts, at Al-Asmarya Islamic University in Zliten, Libya. All participants were in their fourth semester and enrolled in the "Writing 4" course, which focuses on academic essay writing. The study also aims to explore students’ perceptions and experiences in using ChatGPT as a writing tool. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data were collected through pre- and post- writing tests which were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 21. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews which were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in students’ writing performance following the use of ChatGPT, suggesting the tool provided effective and personalized support. Additionally, participants expressed positive perceptions regarding ChatGPT, noting its role in idea generation, vocabulary enhancement, and increased writing confidence. An important implication is that the potential for integrating ChatGPT into writing instruction in Libyan higher education, where it can foster learner autonomy, improve academic writing outcomes, and offer valuable assistance in resource-limited educational settings.

The Impact of Income Diversification on The Profitability of The Libyan Banking System Before and After Law No. (1) of 2013

2025-11-29T12:32:28+00:00

This study aims to examine the impact of diversifying income sources on the profitability of the Libyan banking system for the period 2005-2020, specifically before and after Law No. (1) of 2013, which prohibits usurious transactions. This study provides an academic contribution to the banking sector and scientific research by identifying the impact of this law on the profitability of the Libyan banking system. The study data were analyzed using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model, and the model was estimated using the econometric software Stata 15. The study showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between income diversification and the profitability of the Libyan banking system before and after Law No. (1) of 2013. Our results indicate that increased income diversification before and after Law No. (1) leads to increased profitability of the Libyan banking system. Moreover, this increase was larger and more pronounced before this law than after the issuance of Law No. (1). The reason may be banks relied on a wider range of income sources , such as loans for economic activities, real estate loans for production, services, and industry, and social loans, whereas after Law No. (1) of 2013, banks focused only on Islamic Murabaha only. This study reached several recommendations, the most important of which is that the Libyan banking system can improve profitability by increasing the diversity of income sources.

An Acoustic Analysis of the English Plosive Sounds (/p/ and /b/) Pronounced by Students in the Department of English at Sirte University

2025-11-29T12:39:20+00:00

This study aims to investigate whether Libyan Arabic (LA) learners are able to distinguish between the English plosive sounds (/p/ vs. /b/). In addition, it aims to find out whether the learners’ first language (L1) interferes with their production of the target sounds. Data were collected from five LA learners, enrolled in the Department of English, Sirte University. The students produced five English minimal pairs, containing the English stops /p/ and /b/, and five LA words with the Libyan Arabic stop consonant /b/ in an initial position. The participants were also asked to record the same words embedded in fixed carrier phrases in both English and Libyan Arabic. The voice onset time (VOT) values of English stops /p/ and /b/, and the LA consonant sound /b/ were measured using Praat software. In total, there were 300 tokens targeted for analysis. The findings showed that the participants were able to distinguish between /p/ and /b/ in their productions. This provides evidence against the general assumption that Arab learners have difficulty with English voiceless sound /p/. However, the results obtained from this study showed that some participants had difficulties with the pronunciation of the English voiced sound /b/, which they produced with positive values (i.e. values similar to those of its voiceless counterpart /p/). In addition, the statistical analysis of the data revealed no significant effect of the students’ L1 on their production of the target sounds. The results obtained from the current study are expected to provide valuable recommendations for EFL teachers and material writers.

The Impact of Sustainability Accounting on Improving Financial Performance and Enhancing Social "An Applied Study on Libyan Commercial Banks in the City of Sirte"

2025-12-01T17:09:03+00:00

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of sustainability accounting on improving financial performance and enhancing social responsibility in selected Libyan commercial banks in the city of Sirte. The study employed the descriptive-analytical method, and its population consisted of all employees in Libyan commercial banks who are directly related to the subject of the research, totaling 250 individuals. A proportional stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure proper representation of the original population. A total of 168 questionnaires were distributed, of which 143 valid questionnaires were retrieved for analysis.

The findings revealed a statistically significant impact of sustainability accounting on improving financial performance and enhancing social responsibility. Furthermore, the results indicated a statistically significant effect of sustainability accounting on increasing profitability, reducing indebtedness, and improving financial efficiency, in addition to its role in strengthening the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of social responsibility.

The study recommends activating sustainability accounting practices through the development of sustainable financial policies, improving debt management, investing in training and technology, and supporting developmental, social, and environmental initiatives to achieve a balance between financial performance and sustainable development.