We are pleased to put in the hands of our honorable readers the Journal of Economic Studies; We hope that they will find it what will benefit them and benefit them in their scientific and practical matters. The Journal of Economic Studies is concerned with publishing scientific research in various economic, administrative, financial and other related disciplines. It publishes original scientific research that meets the conditions of scientific research in terms of presentation, investigation and proper follow-up of the scientific methodology. http://doi.org/10.37375/issn.2958-4582
The Impact of Design Thinking Adoption on Decision-Making via Customer-Experience Innovation in Public Commercial Banks in Sebha, Libya
This study investigates the relevance and applicability of Design Thinking (DT) adoption within the Libyan public banking sector. Design thinking adoption represents the cognitive decision and behavioral intention to accept this methodology within organizational workflows. This study identifies perceived benefits and barriers to its adoption, evaluates the influence of understanding, and applies Behavioral Reasoning Theory (BRT) to explain the behavioral dynamics affecting adoption. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 94 banking professionals from five public commercial banks in Sebha, Libya. Furthermore, the study used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the structural pathways through which DT adoption influences decision-making, specifically integrating Customer-Experience Innovation (CEI) as a critical mediating variable. The analysis reveals that perceived benefits significantly enhance understanding of DT, which serves as the primary antecedent to adoption. Although perceived barriers strongly predict resistance, the findings indicate that neither barriers nor resistance significantly impede adoption, implying that cognitive mastery of the methodology can supersede affective opposition in high constraint environments. Additionally, the results show that DT adoption does not directly improve decision-making but does so indirectly by promoting Customer-Experience Innovation. This study contributes to the limited empirical literature on innovation adoption in post-conflict economies and establishes CEI as the principal mechanism through which methodological adoption improves decision-making.
Factors Explaining the Emergence of Conflict Between Internal Auditors and Auditee (An exploratory Study of the National Oil Corporation)
This study aimed to identify the factors that explain the emergence of conflict between internal auditor and auditee, from the perspectives of both internal auditors and auditee at the National Oil Corporation. To achieve this objective, a descriptive-analytical approach was employed. A questionnaire was used as the primary data collection tool, distributed to all 19 internal auditors and 101 employees from various executive departments whose work is subject to ongoing internal audit. After analyzing the data and testing the study hypotheses, the findings revealed that a range of overlapping factors related to the auditee, the internal auditor, and organizational and administrative aspects contribute to the emergence of conflict between the internal auditor and the auditee. However, factors related to the internal auditor were found to be the most significant contributor to conflict, according to the participants' opinions, while factors related to the auditee were considered the least significant. Accordingly, the researchers presented a set of recommendations in this regard, the most important of which is the need to intensify training courses and educational lectures for internal auditors and auditees in order to reduce the factors that contribute to conflict between the two parties
Conflict between internal auditor and auditee
Environmental Management Accounting and its impact on the quality of disclosed information: An applied study for the Ras Lanuf Oil and Gas Processing Company (RASCO) in Libya
This study aimed at investigating the environmental management accounting (EMA), and the quality of disclosed information, as well as to exploring the impact of EMA on the quality of disclosed information. In this study, a survey questionnaire was extracted in order to collect the data from the respondents totaled (77) employed in the (RASCO) in Libya. After obtaining the data, it was inserted in the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) program for analyzing and examining the hypothesis. As a result of the analysis, several results were obtained, they include that the EMA is highly applied in the (RASCO). In addition, the EMA has a significant impact on the quality of disclosed information as well as there is a positive relationship between the EMA and the quality of information in (RASCO).
Environmental Management Accounting (EMA)
The Environmental Accounting information (EAI)
A Theoretical Study on the Case of Multiple Equilibrium Points in Game Theory An Analysis of Two-Player Zero-Sum Games Using the Graphical Method and Linear Programming
In the classical theory of two-player zero-sum games, optimal strategies typically lead to a unique optimal solution characterized by a single equilibrium point for both players, where the game values coincide (|v = w|). This implies the existence of a unique set of probability variables (pᵢ), representing the first player’s mixed strategy over its pure strategies (xᵢ), which yields the game value (v) by maximizing the minimum payoff. Similarly, there exists a unique set of probability variables (qⱼ), corresponding to the second player’s mixed strategy over its pure strategies (yⱼ), which yields the game value (w) by minimizing the maximum loss. This study focuses on analyzing a special case in game theory in which multiple equilibrium points exist for both competitors, implying the presence of more than one optimal solution - indeed, infinitely many optimal solutions for both players. In such cases, multiple probability combinations (pᵢ) achieve the maximum value of the first player’s objective function (v), while multiple probability combinations (qⱼ) attain the minimum value of the second player’s objective function (w), all while preserving the equilibrium condition (|v = w|). The contribution of this study lies in providing a deeper understanding of this phenomenon by identifying the conditions that give rise to multiple equilibrium points, analyzing the strategic combinations that yield optimal solutions using both the graphical method (GM) and linear programming (LP), examining the impact of these solutions on the opposing player, and investigating the possibility of the coexistence of multiple optimal solutions for both players within the same game
Employing Artificial Intelligence Technologies as an Approach to Improving Financial Performance in Libyan Islamic Banks (A Field Study on the General Administrations of Islamic Banks in Libya)
This study aimed to examine the role of artificial intelligence technologies in improving the financial performance of Libyan Islamic banks. To answer the research questions and test the hypotheses, the descriptive-analytical approach was adopted. The study employed a purposive sampling method, selecting a sample of department managers, their deputies, and heads of sections in the general administrations of Libyan Islamic banks operating in Tripoli, namely: Bank of Andalus, Al Yaqeen Bank, Libyan Islamic Bank, and Al Nuran Bank. A total of 82 questionnaires were used in the study. The research instrument consisted of three main sections, and data were collected using a five-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS software to test the validity of the study model and its hypotheses. The results indicated that artificial intelligence technologies contribute to improving the profitability of Islamic banks, enhancing liquidity levels, and supporting financial risk management. Based on these findings, the study recommends several measures, most notably the adoption of an integrated institutional digital transformation strategy through the implementation of clear strategic plans within Islamic banks. It also recommends integrating artificial intelligence technologies into their operational systems to enhance operational efficiency, improve the quality of financial decision-making, and maximize returns. Furthermore, the study suggests developing intelligent liquidity management systems based on advanced analytical models for forecasting cash flows and managing assets and liabilities, thereby strengthening the banks’ ability to meet financial obligations and enhance financial stability
The Extent to which Libyan Legislation Meets Public Sector Governance Requirements (An Analytical Study of Libyan Legislation Forcefully Applied to the Public Sector)
This study aimed to determine the extent to which current Libyan legislation meets the requirements for public sector governance issued by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC, 2014). It also sought to clarify the importance of governance in the public sector and its role in improving the services of public administrative units. The study adopted an analytical approach by examining and analyzing the Libyan laws applicable to administrative units funded by the public treasury. To achieve this, reference indicators were developed based primarily on the IFAC guidelines, serving as a tool to measure the inclusion of governance requirements within the legislation regulating these units. The study reached several key findings, most notably: Libyan legislation lacks mechanisms to enhance ethical performance and commitment to values, which negatively impacts institutional effectiveness and widens the gap for corruption. There is a lack of a clear definition for "sustainable outcomes" in the legislation, which may hinder the achievement of economic, social, and environmental development for society. The study’s main recommendations include: The necessity of establishing clear policies to enhance interaction between management and employees. Activating communication channels with the community to increase transparency and effective participation. Conducting a comprehensive reform focused on building a legislative framework that supports sustainability and resource protection to ensure citizen welfare.
The Availability of Requirements for the Feasibility Implementing Throughput Accounting in Food Industry Companies in Benghazi: An Exploratory Study
This study aimed to identify The Availability of Requirements for The Feasibility of Implementing the Throughput Accounting in Food Industry Companies in Benghazi. The descriptive-analytical approach was followed. A random sample of (20) companies was selected, and the study data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to managers, department heads, and employees in the finance and production departments of the sampled companies. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods with the (SPSS). The results revealed that, the requirements for implementing Throughput Accounting are available in food industry companies in Benghazi. The findings also indicated that there are no statistically significant differences in the responses of the study sample regarding the availability of the requirements for implementing Throughput Accounting attributed to demographic variables. The study recommends enhancing awareness and understanding of the Throughput Accounting by organizing workshops to highlight its importance and the benefits resulting from its implementation. It also needs to focus on operational processes and continuous improvement in order to reduce the constraints imposed on the system.
Title Obstacles to the Adoption of Electronic Auditing Techniques A Field Study on Audit Firms in the City of Benghazi
This study aimed to analyze the obstacles that hinder Libyan audit firms from adopting electronic auditing techniques. To achieve this objective, the study employed the descriptive–analytical approach, which focuses on accurately describing the phenomenon under investigation as it exists in reality and analyzing it in a manner that facilitates its interpretation and the derivation of scientific conclusions. The study population consisted of all auditors affiliated with the Libyan Association of Certified Accountants in the city of Benghazi. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings of the study revealed the existence of several obstacles that impede the adoption of electronic auditing techniques in Libyan audit firms. These obstacles varied and included technical constraints, human and skill-related challenges, as well as organizational and legislative barriers. The results also indicated that the general professional environment in Libya does not have a statistically significant impact on the readiness of Libyan audit firms to move toward digital transformation and the implementation of electronic auditing techniques. In light of these findings, the study emphasized the importance of developing the telecommunications infrastructure and designing specialized training programs for auditors in order to enhance their professional competencies in the field of electronic auditing. Furthermore, the study recommended updating the laws and regulations governing the auditing profession to encourage the adoption of electronic auditing methods. It also highlighted the need to establish professional standards aligned with international standards while taking into account the specific characteristics of the Libyan environment, in a manner that supports the stability and development of the professional environment
Barriers to the Adoption of Electronic Auditing Techniques
The impact of artificial intelligence on the efficiency of cloud-based accounting information systems: A survey study in a number of companies in the Kurdistan Region/Iraq
The research aims to demonstrate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the efficiency of cloud-based accounting information systems (CB-AIS), from the perspective of the number of accountants and administrators working in some companies in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq that rely on cloud computing within their accounting systems. Artificial intelligence was represented through perceived utility (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU). While the efficiency of cloud-based accounting information systems was represented by five attributes of accounting business processes (redundancy, privacy of human assets, uncertainty, information density, and the need to communicate with customers), the deductive and inductive approach was adopted to achieve the research objective and implement its procedures. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to the sample members to collect basic data. 123 valid questionnaires were retrieved for analysis. The research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that the perceived benefit and perceived ease of use of artificial intelligence contributes significantly to enhancing the efficiency of cloud-based accounting information systems. This result strengthens the literature in the field of cloud-based accounting systems and identifies the factors affecting them.
cloud-based accounting information systems efficiency
The Feasibility of Adopting Islamic Sukuk in the Libyan Capital Market as an Alternative Financing and Investment Instrument
This study aims to assess the feasibility of adopting Islamic Sukuk in the Libyan capital market as an alternative financing and investment instrument, given the limitations of conventional financing tools. The study employed a descriptive–analytical approach and targeted senior and middle-level administrative leadership within the Libyan capital market, including the General Administration in Tripoli and the Benghazi branch. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire and analyzed statistically using SPSS software. The findings indicate a relatively high availability of the legislative and legal requirements supporting the issuance and trading of Islamic Sukuk. In contrast, the technical and organizational requirements were found to be moderately available, alongside a limited number of listed companies and financial institutions capable of supporting an active Sukuk market. The results also reveal the presence of significant challenges hindering the adoption of Sukuk, particularly those related to the shortage of specialized expertise and limited investment awareness. The study recommends strengthening specialized training programs in Islamic finance and Sukuk structuring, enhancing investment awareness, and expanding the base of listed companies and financial institutions to support the establishment of an effective Sukuk market. Such measures would contribute to diversifying financing sources and improving the efficiency of the Libyan capital market.
Assessing the Readiness of the Legislative and Professional Environment in Libya for the Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): Evidence from Joint-Stock Companies Listed on the Libyan Stock Market
This study aims to assess the readiness of the legislative and professional environment in Libya to implement International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), in companies listed on the Libyan Stock Exchange, and to analyze the gaps between accounting practice and IFRS, as well as the obstacles hindering their implementation. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, using a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. The results revealed a clear gap between current accounting practices and IFRS requirements, weaknesses in the legislative framework and professional practices, and the presence of legislative, technical, and professional obstacles. The study recommends updating legislation, standardizing accounting practices, enhancing professional training, and adopting a national accounting framework that is compatible with IFRS.
The Impact of the Global Shift Toward Renewable Energy on Economic Growth in Libya: Oil Revenues as a Mediating Variable (An Econometric Study for the Period 1990–2024)
Energy, both in production and consumption, on economic growth in Libya. The study employs the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model, along with the Granger causality test and the Toda–Yamamoto causality approach. Oil revenues are incorporated as a mediating variable to capture the indirect effect. The analysis covers the period from 1990 to 2024.The results indicate the absence of statistically significant direct or indirect effects of the independent variable and the mediating variable on the dependent variable. This outcome is attributed to the relatively small share of renewable energy in the global energy mix and the continued dominance of the hydrocarbons sector in global energy supply.The study recommends increasing the revenues generated from Libya’s hydrocarbon sector before global demand shifts significantly away from fossil fuels. At the same time, it emphasizes the need to adopt a long-term strategy that allocates a portion of oil revenues toward diversifying the production base and developing the renewable energy sector, particularly solar and wind energy, in which Libya possesses significant comparative advantages.
A Contingent Approach to Corporate Liquidity and Leverage: Evidence from UK FTSE-100 Firms
This study investigates the effect of corporate liquidity on capital structure decisions among 40 non-financial firms listed on the UK's FTSE 100 from 2011 to 2019. Using Panel Data Regression analysis across six models, the results demonstrate that UK corporate leverage policy is primarily sensitive to asset-based measures of debt but statistically insensitive to equity-based measures. Crucially, the findings reveal a mixed financing motive; while the CRatio exhibits a significant negative relation with asset-based leverage, supporting the POT, the QRatio shows a significant positive link, supporting the TOT. This seemingly contradictory evidence suggests that FTSE 100 managers adopt a contingent approach to capital structure, treating different types of liquid assets as having distinct funding capabilities. This conclusion contributes to the literature by demonstrating that a single theory is unable to fully explain the corporate financing decisions of large UK firms.
Challenges Facing Sahara Bank in Providing Blue Finance “A Field Study on Sahara Bank, Zwara Branch”
This study aimed to explore the obstacles faces Sahara Bank in granting the Blue Finance. The descriptive analytical method was used, as a questionnaire was designed and distributed to the study sample, which is a sample of bank employees. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Program (SPSS) was used to analyze the primary data contained in the questionnaire. The study found that there are a number of obstacles that prevent the Sahara Bank to grant Blue Finance. These obstacles were represented in: obstacles related to the legal and legislative obstacles, expertise and competencies, and obstacles related to the financial capacity of the bank to financing the projects being built on the shores of the seas and oceans and obstacles related to the to the directions and objectives of the bank. Also, this study concluded a number of recommendations represented in: develop the legal and legislative structure, pay attention to training and developing the bank's staff. The study also recommended the need to develop innovative financing tools that help provide adequate financial resources including the issuance of Islamic Blue Sukuk.
The Impact Of strategic Leadership On Organizational Ambidexterity In Al-Madar Al-Jadeed Company In Benghazi
The study aimed to identify the level of practicing strategic leadership and organizational ambidexterity in Al-Madar Al-Jadeed Company in Benghazi, and to determine the impact of strategic leadership on organizational ambidexterity in the company, To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive approach was adopted, The study was applied to a sample of (97) leaders. The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect primary data for the study, and (SPSS) was used to analyze it, The results of the study showed that the level of practicing strategic leadership and organizational ambidexterity in Company was low, the results also indicated there was a signification effect of Strategic Leadership on Organizational Ambidexterity, whereas there was a signification effect of the strategic orientation on Organizational Ambidexterity, but there was not signification effect of the organizational culture dimension of human capital development on Organizational Ambidexterity in the Company, The study presented a set of recommendations, the necessity of paying greater attention to the practice of strategic leadership and promoting its culture more widely through the training and development of leaders and employees within the company, and establishing organizational ambidexterity practices to achieve the company strategic objectives.
The Role of Cybersecurity Governance in Enhancing the Accuracy of Financial Reporting: A Field Study in Libyan Commercial Banks
In light of the rapid digital transformation and the growing cyber threats, Libyan commercial banks face a fundamental challenge: protecting their accounting information systems and ensuring the integrity of their financial data from breaches or manipulation. This directly impacts the accuracy and reliability of financial reports. This reality raises the question of the effectiveness of cybersecurity governance practices in mitigating cyber risks and enhancing the quality of financial outputs. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the impact of cybersecurity governance on enhancing the accuracy of financial reports in Libyan commercial banks. The research employed a descriptive-analytical approach, collecting data through a questionnaire distributed to a sample of commercial bank employees and then analyzing it using appropriate statistical methods. The research concluded that cybersecurity governance, in its various dimensions, has a statistically significant impact on enhancing the accuracy of financial reports. This demonstrates that implementing cybersecurity governance effectively contributes to improving and strengthening the accuracy of financial reports, highlighting the importance of having effective regulatory frameworks and oversight controls for managing cyber risks. The research recommends the need to adopt an integrated institutional framework for cybersecurity governance, which includes the establishment of specialized committees and the strengthening of oversight and regulatory policies, in order to support the reliability of financial information and raise the level of confidence in reports issued by banks.
The Impact of Digital Transformation on Contextual Performance: A Field Study at the Universities of Fezzan and Sirte
This study aimed to identify the impact of digital transformation on contextual performance at the Universities of Sirte and Fezzan. The study population consisted of faculty members working at both universities. A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool, and the study sample comprised 148 individuals. To achieve the study objectives and test the hypotheses, a descriptive approach was employed. The analysis yielded several key findings, most notably a limited impact of digital transformation on contextual performance at the universities under study. The coefficient of determination indicates that digital transformation explains approximately 9.6% of the change in contextual performance. The study recommends prioritizing the enhancement of digital transformation at the universities under study through a comprehensive strategy that includes upgrading the technological infrastructure and training academic and administrative staff. This will contribute to improved performance, particularly contextual performance, given its significant impact on achieving high levels of success. The study also recommends focusing on raising employee awareness and encouraging positive attitudes towards digital transformation to enhance readiness for digital transformation and improve job performance.
Effect on the volume of bank credit within Libyan commercial banks
The primary objective of this study is to investigate the influence of inflation on the volume of bank credit within Libyan commercial banks, employing statistical analysis such as the Pearson correlation coefficient and simple regression coefficient. In pursuit of this objective, a singular hypothesis was formulated. The study encompasses seven notable Libyan commercial banks: (Jumhouria Bank, Al-Wahda Bank, National Commercial Bank, North African Bank, Mediterranean Bank, Bank of Commerce and Development, and Sahara Bank). The selection of these banks is based on the availability of comprehensive data of the banks in question, as well as their substantial credit volumes spanning the years 2011-2018, Data aggregation relied on the financial statements of the aforementioned banks and publicly accessible reports issued by the Central Bank of Libya. The analytical framework adopted herein is predominantly descriptive in nature, The findings yielded by this research indicate that inflation exhibited no significant impact on bank credit volume throughout the study duration spanning from 2011-2018. Consequently, it is recommended that Libyan commercial banks carefully consider strategies to manage bank credit volumes. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on the imperative for the Central Bank of Libya to adeptly leverage both direct and indirect mechanisms at its disposal to effectively modulate the volume and quality of banking credit
The phenomenon of twin’s deficits in the Libyan economy: Testing short and long-run relationships between fiscal budget deficit and current account deficit( ) in Libya
The motivation behind this paper is to explore the dynamic relation between budget deficit and real non-oil trade deficit in the short and the long run, with a consideration of other related factors including oil revenue, the real exchange rate, the real non-oil GDP and domestic prices in Libya from 1984 to 2022. The empirical analysis that applies SVAR with its impulse response function simulations with some cointegrated relations and further simulation using ARDL provide, evidence for both the short run and long run dynamics between the variables. The results revel that there is a kind of correlation between the deficit in the real non-oil trade and the deficit in real fiscal budget. Imperfect budgetary policy associated with aplenty of oil revenue where more is spent on consumption than investment) Concurrent with the inefficient tax system (resulting in a deficit in the fiscal budget and this late exacerbates the real non-oil trade deficit via increased spending on imported consumer goods. policy implication in this paper supports the view that to obtain a development in the non-oil trade blend the GDP of the non-oil sector, increased government spending for investment, should be of the major focus for the policymakers.
real GDP, CPI and (AFD, VECM, SVAR, IRF, ARDL & DV, Causality tests) tests & techniques
Examining the Causal Relationship between Inflation Rate and Growth Rate of The Monetary Base in the Libyan Economy An Empirical Study for the Period (2004–2022)
This study aims to examine and analyses the causal relationship between inflation rate and growth rate of the monetary base in the Libyan economy during the period (2004–2022), using monthly data. The analysis investigates the extent of causal linkages, whether unidirectional or bidirectional, by applying the Toda–Yamamoto approach to identify long-run causality. The findings of the study reveal the existence of a unidirectional causal relationship running from inflation to the growth of the monetary base in the Libyan economy during the study period.
Exchange Rate and Inflation Dynamics and Their Implications for the Economy and Living Standards in Libya
Since 2011, the Libyan economy has experienced monetary and financial instability due to weak institutions and exchange rate volatility, resulting in persistent inflation and a decline in citizens’ purchasing power. This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between the exchange rate and inflation and to assess its implications for economic policies and living standards during the period 2011–2024. The study relied on official data and employed VECM models, cointegration tests, and the Toda–Yamamoto Causality Test (1995), which allows for examining causal relationships among variables even in the presence of non-stationarity or differing integration orders. The results indicate a unidirectional causal relationship from the exchange rate (EXR) to inflation (INF) at a 1% significance level (P<0.01), while monetary and fiscal policies lacked effectiveness and independence. The study recommends unifying the exchange rate, enhancing the independence of the Central Bank of Libya.
Measure the Level of job Satisfaction of membership at Economic and Commercial Faculty of Garabolli - Elmergib University
The study aimed to determine the level of job satisfaction among faculty members at the Faculty of Economics, by focusing on dimensions of job satisfaction such as: nature of work, salaries, relationships with superiors and colleagues, a sense of appreciation and self-respect. To achieve the goals of the study, descriptive approach was adopted, questionnaire was distributed to the population of the study which is (53) membership, while comprehensive survey method, was uesed by (SPSS) program. The results of the study showed that; the level of job satisfaction among faculty members was at average level, with a general arithmetic mean of (3.141), while a standard deviation of (0.785), the highest dimension was salary, while the relationship with superiors and colleagues dimension came in at the lowest level. Reflecting a disparity between social influences in the academic work environment. The study recommended that trust be created between faculty members and administration. Moreover, communication should be held in a harmonious manner, while working with dimensions of monitoring the low, such as appreciation, respect, and relationships. This will contribute to raising the level of job satisfaction and improve the quality of academic and research performance in the college
Faculty of Economics and Commercial Karabuli
The Impact of Knowledge Management on Faculty Performance A Field Study on Faculty Members at Misurata University
This study aims to investigate the nature of the fundamental impact of knowledge management dimensions on the performance of faculty members at Misurata University, and to provide a deeper understanding of the independent variables represented by the four dimensions of knowledge management: knowledge generation, knowledge storage, knowledge distribution, and knowledge application. These objectives are achieved through a precise research methodology, starting with verifying the existence of a statistically significant effect for each of the four dimensions of knowledge management. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, as data were collected through a field survey using a questionnaire specifically designed for this purpose. The questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of 320 individuals representing the study population of approximately (1200) individuals, ensuring a broad representation of the academic reality. Advanced statistical analyses conducted using SPSS yielded substantive results, revealing a positive, strong, and statistically significant impact of the combined knowledge management dimensions on the overall performance of faculty members at Misurata University. These empirical results confirm that investing in knowledge management processes is not merely an administrative choice; Rather, it is a strategic necessity for improving academic performance. It also confirms that improving knowledge management practices leads to a significant improvement in academic performance. Based on these conclusions, the study presents a set of practical and concrete recommendations. It emphasizes the development of an integrated strategic approach to knowledge management and the need to formulate institutional strategies to enhance knowledge storage and distribution mechanisms, invest in knowledge-supporting infrastructure, motivate faculty members to generate quality knowledge, and establish a knowledge-based organizational culture. It also emphasizes the importance of integrating all dimensions of knowledge management to achieve continuous improvement in academic performance. These findings can be leveraged to develop effective policies and programs that contribute to building a sustainable competitive advantage for the university, enhancing its position as a leading academic institution
A Study Entitled: "The Impact of Libyan Consumers' Cultural Orientations on E-Commerce Adoption in Libya
A brief This study examines how cultural factors - particularly familial values, purchasing traditions, and religious considerations - influence e-commerce adoption among Libyan consumers, with focused analysis on the Ben Ashour, Ain Zara, and Tajoura districts of Tripoli. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, the research collected data through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire administered to a simple random sample of 1,200 consumers, stratified by age, gender, and educational attainment. Key findings reveal that collectivist values and family-centric decision-making positively correlate with consumer trust in online purchasing platforms. However, persistent concerns about fraud - rooted in traditional commerce practices - emerge as significant adoption barriers. The study concludes with policy recommendations, including: (1) developing religiously-sensitive e-commerce architectures with gender-segregated product categorization, and (2) implementing localized trust-building mechanisms featuring verified user testimonials from Libyan consumers
The conflict in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and its impact on regional stability (2023-2025(
This Study examines the developments of the conflict in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo from January 2023 to August 2025, focusing on recent peace negotiations culminating in the signing of the "Declaration of Principles" in Doha, July 2025. The declaration set a deadline for a comprehensive peace agreement between the government and the M23 movement by August 18, 2025.
أثر التدفقات النقدية الحرة وتكاليف الوكالة على الجدارة الائتمانية في الشركات الصناعية (دراسة تطبيقية على الشركة الليبية للحديد والصلب (1996-2022))
This study aims to analyze the relationship between free cash flows, agency costs, and the creditworthiness of the Libyan Iron and Steel Company during the period from (1996) to (2022). Based on the Agency Theory and the Pecking Order Theory, the effect of both free cash flow and agency costs on the company's creditworthiness was tested. The results indicate that there is a positive and statistically significant effect of both free cash flows and agency costs on creditworthiness. The positive relationship between cash flow and creditworthiness is consistent with the Pecking Order Theory, which confirms that the company's cash surplus reduces its reliance on debt. The positive relationship between agency costs and creditworthiness was interpreted as administrative spending in the context of the company was likely necessary to achieve growth, which enhanced its financial position and the trust of lenders. Thus, the study confirms the importance of these financial indicators in evaluating performance in a volatile environment. Additionally, the descriptive analysis revealed a large fluctuation in free cash flows and agency costs, indicating that the company faced changing economic and political conditions.
E-management requirements and their relationship to competitive advantage A Case Study of Al-Jumhouria Bank in Al-Marj City
The study aimed to test the relationship between e-management requirements and competitive advantage at the Al-Jumhouria Bank, in its branches (Al-Jala, Silfium) in the city of Marj. The study followed a descriptive analytical method using a case study approach and employed a comprehensive enumeration method of a total of 54 employees at the bank. The data were analyzed using the (SPSS) program. The results showed that the level of application of e-management requirements was high, as administrative requirements came first in terms of relative weight, followed by security requirements, then human, technical, and financial requirements in last place. Competitive advantage also recorded a high level, with the speed of delivery coming first, followed by quality and then creativity. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient confirmed the existence of a strong correlation between e-management and competitive advantage, with varying relationships between dimensions, as the relationship with administrative requirements was less strong compared to the rest of the dimensions that showed strong correlations. The study recommended developing strategic plans to enhance e-management, due to its significant role in raising the efficiency of banking services and enhancing the competitive advantage of Al-Jumhouria bank.
The Problem of Liquidity Preference (Evidence from Libya for the period 1990-2023)
This Study Aims to Analyze the Causes of The Liquidity Shortage Crisis in Libya by Examining the Impact of Selected Monetary and Financial Variables on Money Demand, With A Particular Focus on The Abolition of The Interest Rate by Legislative Authority In 2013 And Its Subsequent Economic Implications. The Interest Rate Is Considered a Fundamental Instrument for Steering the Economy Toward Equilibrium. The Study Employed the Cointegration Approach Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model and The Bounds Testing Procedure. The Results Revealed the Existence of Both Short-Run and Long-Run Equilibrium Relationships Between Money Demand and The Explanatory Variables. These Findings Are Consistent with Economic Theory and The Realities of The Libyan Economy. Specifically, The Abolition of The Interest Rate Encouraged Depositors to Withdraw Their Savings and Seek Alternative Investment Opportunities, Which Led to An Increased Demand for Both Domestic and Foreign Currencies. Consequently, This Behavior Exacerbated the Liquidity Shortage in The Banking System, As Individuals Opted to Retain Cash Outside the Formal Financial Sector.
مدى التزام المؤسسات الليبية العامة بمبادئ الحوكمة-دراسة تحليلية لتقارير ديوان المحاسبة على قطاع الاستثمار والقطاع المصرفي خلال عامي 2022-2023
This study aimed to assess the extent to which Libyan public institutions subject to the oversight of the Libyan Audit Bureau comply with governance principles, in accordance with the Governance Guide for the Banking Sector issued by the Central Bank of Libya in 2010, and the governance rules issued in 2010 under the Libyan Commercial Law. This was based on the audit results contained in the Libyan Audit Bureau’s reports. To achieve this objective, the researchers used a content analysis approach to examine the 2022 and 2023 reports of the Libyan Audit Bureau, focusing specifically on the investment and banking sectors. The analysis revealed weak and declining governance indicators, along with the absence of mechanisms to ensure the proper implementation of governance rules as stipulated in legislation and laws. This has created an environment conducive to negative governance practices and inefficiency, with numerous violations reported and all governance indicators showing negative performance. There is also a noted weakness in governance mechanisms within corporate organizational structures, including the absence of clear policies such as risk management and compliance policies. Furthermore, there is a lack of independence among boards of directors amid the absence of effective internal oversight. The principle of disclosure and transparency remains one of the major challenges in the Libyan institutional sector—particularly regarding timing, proper disclosure, delays in the approval of financial statements, and the consolidation of financial reports for the fiscal years ended. There is also a delay in the preparation of final accounts and annual budgets. Based on these findings, the researchers recommend raising awareness of the importance of adopting governance concepts and principles in Libyan public institutions. It is also essential to hold training courses or offer professional certifications specializing in governance, and to develop qualified professional cadres with a deep understanding of governance practices to enhance their application within Libyan public institutions
Performance of Libyan Public Institutions
Analyzing the relationship between board characteristics and the activation of forensic accounting practices to enhance financial integrity: an applied study on Palestine Stock Exchange companies
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between board characteristics (such as independence, size, professional certifications, academic specializations) and the activation of forensic accounting practices, and their role in enhancing financial integrity in companies listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange. The study relied on an applied approach that combined quantitative tools (such as a questionnaire) and the analysis of indicators from published financial data, allowing for measuring the relationship between directly observable characteristics and others derived from estimates by professional categories. This combination of data sources represents an important methodological contribution that comprehensively reflects the reality of the relationship between governance and forensic accounting. The study population included financial employees working in these companies listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange, while the sample consisted of (127) members. The following statistical methods were used: correlation and regression. Among the most prominent findings was the presence of a statistically significant positive relationship between board characteristics and the activation of forensic accounting practices. Forensic accounting positively impacts the enhancement of financial integrity. Characteristics such as member diversity, the presence of non-executive members, and the number of board meetings were more influential in enhancing oversight. The most prominent obstacles limiting the practical implementation of forensic accounting include weak professional competence and a lack of supportive legislation. The study also recommended developing legislation specific to forensic accounting, enhancing the independence and diversity of boards of directors, training financial personnel on forensic accounting tools and methods, and expanding the role of audit committees.
Dr. Abdel Rahman Ibrahim Hussein Al ghalban