Abhat Journal

Al-Mash'ar Al-Haram in the Holy Qur’an: A Maqasid-Based Exegetical Study in Light of Qur’anic Context

2025-08-18T15:53:05+00:00

This study presents a maqasid-oriented exegetical analysis of Al-Mash'ar Al-Haram as mentioned in the Qur’an, focusing on the interpretation of related verses within their Qur’anic context and in light of the higher objectives of Islamic law. The research aims to explore the semantic and spiritual dimensions of this sacred site as well as to examine the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ actions there, and derive relevant jurisprudential rulings. It also investigates the influence of modern innovations, particularly artificial intelligence, on the organization of sacred rituals and the fulfillment of Hajj objectives. The significance of the study lies in its engagement with a central element of pilgrimage, offering a deeper understanding of Qur’anic texts through a contemporary lens. The topic was chosen to bridge classical tafsir with present-day developments, especially in the management of sacred spaces.The researcher adopts analytical, inductive, and maqasid-based methodologies, incorporating a civilizational perspective to assess how technological advancements contribute to the realization of spiritual and logistical goals in Hajj.The findings suggest that recent innovations have enhanced crowd management and that artificial intelligence plays an important role in Hajj.

derivational morphology in modern compound nouns

2025-08-18T16:02:42+00:00

This research aims to investigate morphological derivation in modern compound nouns in the Arabic language by analyzing their structural and semantic composition, and comparing them to the traditional system of triliteral and augmented verbs. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology and relied on specialized library-based sources in morphology and linguistics. Findings reveal that modern compound nouns typically do not originate from traditional roots but are rather formed from lexical units arranged in functional combinations to express new meanings. These constructions lie outside the classical derivational framework, despite their widespread use in contemporary Arabic discourse. The comparison also demonstrated that while morphological augmentation in verbs results in systematic semantic expansion, compound structures generate contextual meanings that derive from usage rather than from fixed patterns. The study recommends expanding the theoretical framework of Arabic morphology to include such emerging structures and encourages linking morphological analysis with semantic and contextual interpretation

Ethical Challenges of Artificial Intelligence

2025-08-18T16:04:53+00:00

Ethics remain a fundamental pillar of humanity and a major concern for all thinkers and philosophers, as it is the enduring essence of life. As such, the need to reflect on it continues, especially in light of the rapid developments witnessed in every era. With the significant advancements in technology today and the emergence of artificial intelligence as a reliable tool in various areas of life, ethics emerges as one of the greatest challenges facing this new system. The problematic aspect of this research lies in the ethical challenges associated with artificial intelligence. It is well known that ethics are linked to humans as responsible for their actions. However, with the presence of an intelligent "machine," the question of whether this machine possesses ethical principles that guide its behavior and enable it to perform ethical actions similar to those performed by humans begins to be raised. Therefore, this study seeks to determine whether artificial intelligence possesses ethical principles capable of directing it towards ethical action. It also aims to shed light on the extent to which artificial intelligence is capable of making ethical decisions. Furthermore, the study addresses ethical questions related to privacy, security, and the responsibility that arise from the use of these intelligent machines. The study’s revealed some significant which can be summarized as follows: a) ethics is a fundamental and pivotal element in the development of artificial intelligence, given its role in enhancing the value of the technology and ensuring its safe use, free from behavioral deviations: b) artificial intelligence has a superior ability to collect information and analyze data, but it poses a threat to ethical values and principles if used in an uncontrolled manner

The Nature of Values in Greek Thought: Between Relativism and Objectivity: A comparative Analytical Study

2025-08-18T16:07:05+00:00

The question of values was at the heart of heated debate in ancient Greek thought, especially between the Sophists and Plato, The Sophists, adopted a naturalistic view of values, believing that values are relative and dependent on the individual human, This perspective led to moral, epistemological, and other forms of relativism, asserting that there is on absolute truth or value, They emphasized that laws and social customs are merely human agreements subject to change, and that self-interest is the primary driver of actions In stark contrast, Plato defended an idealistic view of values, believing in the existence of an independent realm of Forms or Ideas, where higher values such as justice, goodness, and beauty exist as absolute and immutable, this research, employing a historical, analytical, and comparative methodology, aims to study this profound intellectual conflict over the nature of values, The study concludes that values are both subjective and objective simultaneously, influenced by internal individual considerations and external factors such as culture customs, and beliefs specific to each society.

The Zouhriyin Figure between Myth and Superstition: An Anthropological Study of Cultural Heritage and Popular Beliefs in the Tarhuna Region

2025-08-18T16:09:20+00:00

This study explores the symbolic and ritual roles of the "Zuhari" figure in popular practices in Tarhuna, focusing on deconstructing associated myths and narratives and linking them to broader socio-cultural transformations. The Zuhari is perceived not as a biological individual, but as a ritual symbol mediating between the visible and invisible realms. Oral accounts reveal a recurring narrative pattern involving bodily signs, ritual acts, and mystical revelations, with societal views ranging from reverence to exploitation. The methodology employed in the study was qualitative and anthropological which included participant observation with symbolic structural analysis to uncover dualities such as sacred/profane and child/sacrifice. The data was collected through interviews with elderly people, analysis of oral and digital content, and rare audiovisual documentation. The study’ findings revealed that the Zuhari possess a symbolic aura despite its transition into digital media, where it is reimagined through memes and videos. The findings also indicate that even though the physical rituals may be declining, symbolic and narrative rituals remain vibrant. Moreover, the Zuhari figure continues to be embedded within networks of spiritual and cultural context—as a mediator, a ritual object, or a perceived threat—reflecting the community’s enduring need to navigate uncertainty through symbolic figures.

Proposed educational foundations for developing the basic education stage in the city of Zliten, Libya

2025-08-18T16:12:40+00:00

The study aimed to propose educational foundations for the development of the basic education stage in the city of Zliten, Libya, using a developmental descriptive approach. Data was collected through a questionnaire, answered by the study population that was consisted of all school directors, totaling (126) principals, who were all selected as the study sample. They were spread across the three educational branches (Central, Western, and Eastern) of the city of Zliten as a deliberate sample. Based on the responses of the sample members, the study reached several key findings, the most important of which are: the general perceptions of the respondents regarding the reality of the basic education stage were "moderate", the domain of ("material resources & capabilities" and "facilities & equipment") ranked first, followed by the domain of "curricula" in second place, the domain of "teaching and evaluation" came in third, while the domain of "teachers" ranked fourth, the domain of "financing" followed, and finally, the domain of "study system" came last. All domains were rated as "moderate." Additionally, the results indicated no statistically significant differences attributed to the variables of branch or years of experience. In light of the study's findings, some educational foundations were proposed for the development of the basic education stage in the Libyan city of Zliten, which the researcher recommends their adoption.

The Role of the Family' and School Environments in Instilling Citizenship Values as Perceived by Primary School Teachers in Sirte, Libya

2025-08-18T16:14:51+00:00

The study aimed to identify the role of both the family and school environment in inculcating citizenship values among students as perceived by teachers of basic education in Sirte, To achieve this goal, the researchers used the descriptive approach, and a questionnaire was designed as a tool for collecting data from the respondents, represented in the teachers of the second part of the basic education stage in (10) schools distributed in the neighborhoods of the central city of Sirte, and the size of the study population was (238), and the study was conducted on a sample Its size is (147) parameters, and after the statistical analysis of the data, the researchers reached a set of results, the most important of which are: The family environment has a role in instilling the values of citizenship among students with an average of (2.07) at an average level, and the school environment has a role in inculcating the values of citizenship among students with an average of (2.22) at an average level, and that the family seeks to consolidate the values of citizenship among its children, as this paragraph got the highest An arithmetic average in the family environment axis, which is (2.48), which is at the high level. Teachers believe that inculcating the values citizenship among students is one of the goals of the educational process in the first place, with the highest average, which is (3). As for the school curricula, it does not adequately cover its role in inculcating the values of citizenship among students, with a low mean (1.09).

The Relationship between Self-Motivation and Persistence in Achievement and Self-Regulated Learning Skills. A Field Study in the College of Education

2025-08-18T16:16:36+00:00

This study aims to examine the relationship between intrinsic motivation, persistence in achievement, and self-regulated learning skills among students in the five colleges of Education. The study explores the level of self-regulated learning and achievement motivation among students, and examines the relationship between the dimensions of self-regulated learning (such as planning, organization, and self-monitoring) and achievement motivation. The study results showed that students' self-regulated learning levels were above average, with variations across dimensions. The study also found that achievement motivation levels were moderately high, with variations across dimensions. A statistically significant positive relationship was found between self-regulated learning skills and achievement motivation, with all components of self-regulated learning contributing to achievement motivation, with self-motivation and discipline being the most important factors. The results also revealed statistically significant differences in self-regulated learning based on academic specialization and gender, while differences in achievement motivation were only related to academic specialization.

The use of educational aids and the obstacles to teaching geography subjects at the basic education stage in the schools of the Qasr Al-Akhyar area

2025-08-18T16:20:54+00:00

This study aims to look at the use of educational aids in teaching geography subjects at the primary education stage in the schools of Qasr Al-Akhyar area. The study sample consisted of (22) male and female teachers. The study used the descriptive approach. The findings revealed that only 44.4% of the participants claim that educational aids are available which indicates that these aids are not widely available. As for the obstacles in using educational aids, the findings revealed that 64.51 of the participants say that they have issues in using teaching aids. As for the participants attitudes and views on the use of educational aids, the majority of participants (87.5%). seem to have a positive attitude on the use of such aids. The study concludes with some recommendation and suggestion on the issue under study.

The role of the Libyan Authority for Scientific Research in overcoming Challenges encountered by researchers in Libya: Afield study Sirte University

2025-08-18T16:23:07+00:00

The study aimed to find out the role of the Libyan Authority for scientific research in overcoming the difficulties facing the scientific researchers in Libya from the point of view of the University's faculty members. The study sample consisted of (60) university faculty members who were randomly selected. The results indicated the most important difficulties facing researchers are administrative, material, cognitive and social difficulties. Moreover, the findings also indicated female faculty member tend to have grater difficulties than the male faculty members. The findings also suggested that some of the challenges differ from one faculty member to another based on their specialization

General policy in Libya towards local school accreditation for primary and secondary education institutions

2025-08-18T16:24:57+00:00

This research aims to shed light on public policy related to local school accreditation for basic and secondary education in Libya. The study adopts descriptive-analytical approach, which is appropriate for this type of research. It also relies on content analysis of policy documents to examine the levels of Libyan public policy toward local school accreditation, the mechanisms and tools used and extent to which they are formulated, developed and implemented. The study revealed several findings, including the absence of an effective and specific strategy for implementing a local school accreditation system Public policy on local school accreditation in Libya has not yet reached the required level particularly in terms of implementation. For instance, only 27 out of approximately 4,000 schools in Libya have obtained local accreditation- very small percentage. The research also presented several recommendations, such as the urgent need to adopt a clear and specific strategy for implementing accreditation standards to ensure optimal performance. Other recommendations include upgrading the classification of the Quality Assurance Center to an authoritive body, transferring its affiliation to the House of Representatives, and granting it broader powers, among other proposals

The Internal Work Environment and Its Relationship With Voluntary Work Turnover A Field Study on Teachers in Selected Private Schools in Misrata City

2025-08-18T16:29:20+00:00

This study aimed to explore the relationship between the internal work environment and voluntary work turnover by studying the relationship`s dimensions of the internal work environment on voluntary work turnover. The study was conducted in four private school in the city of Misurata and used descriptive and analytical methods. The study`s population consisted of (343) teachers from a private school. , the study sample consisted of (184) individuals who were randomly selected. The study used a number of statistical methods for the analysis of data. The data was analysed using statistical methods. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: There is a direct relationship between the internal work environment and voluntary work turnover, and the internal work environment is appropriate in private school, where the general arithmetic average reached (3.90), also the voluntary work turnover variable was moderate and reached the general arithmetic mean (3.70), and the study recommended the necessity of paying attention to the internal environment with all its elements on ongoing basis and introducing improvement in the technology used in work environment, there is also a need to improve the material and moral incentive systems to achieving job stability in schools.

The Effect of Creative Thinking on Strategic Flexibility: A Field Study on Administrative Leaders at the Libyan Iron and Steel Company in Misurata

2025-08-18T16:30:03+00:00

This study examines the effect of creative thinking on strategic flexibility at the Libyan Iron and Steel Company in Misrata city. It also aims to measure the levels of creative thinking and strategic flexibility among the company’s administrative leadership. The study adopted a descriptive methodology. The data was collected quantitatively and qualitatively through a questionnaire. The population consisted of 213 administrative leaders. The sample consisted of 137 participants and it was selected through a purposive sampling technique following Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) table. A total of 133 valid responses were obtained (97% response rate). Data were analyzed using SPSS. The results revealed a high level of creative thinking (mean = 3.8439) across its dimensions and a high level of strategic flexibility (mean = 3.8626). The study recommends leveraging these high levels to develop strategies that enhance the company’s adaptability, particularly in the light of Libya’s volatile political and economic situation

The role of digital diplomacy in international relations

2025-08-18T16:32:11+00:00

The current study explores the role of digital diplomacy in international relations. It aims to explore the role of digital diplomacy in international relations and the impact of the digital divide on relations between countries. The study’s findings have revealed that the decline in the concept of sovereignty and equality between states as a result of the digital divide. A new dualism has emerged in the international struggle between those who possess knowledge and those who do not. Despite the emergence of the concept of digital sovereignty, there is nothing that prevents digital companies and the countries that follow them from accessing confidential information. The study highlights the challenges that digital diplomacy and the digital divide pose to international relations.

The Role of Free Zone Management in Attracting Foreign Investment: A Field Study of the Sirte Free Zone

2025-08-18T16:33:51+00:00

This study addressed the role of free zone management in attracting foreign investments, applying it to the Sirte Free Zone, The Free zone is one of the most important targets for attracting foreign investment as it provides the facilities and privileges for investors, and driving development across all sectors in the country, The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach using a questionnaire as an instrument for collecting data. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study’s findings revealed that the level of senior management support for the development of the free zone has increased. The results also revealed a positive regulatory climate with regulations and laws showing the strongest attracting in significant foreign investment. It was also evident that employee participation in training courses is not good, which may limit their ability to create a sophisticated investment environment. The study's recommends reinforcing necessary the laws and legislation related to free zones as well as ranting transparency as they are essential in attracting investors, It is also necessary the focus on developing the internal regulatory climate by enhancing transparency and facilitating administrative procedures for investors. The free zone's strategic plans must also be restructured to be more closely aligned with global markets and their changes.

Libyan press websites employ solutions journalism to address economic problems. (Analytical study(

2025-08-18T16:36:26+00:00

This study aimed to inestigate exploitation of Libyan digital news sites for the solutions journalism approach in addressing economic issues, specifically applying this to sites such as: (Libya Economic News), (Economic Echo), and (Libya Economic), during the period from 1 January to 31 March 2025, using a comprehensive approach to all published topics in the sample study. The study relied on a media survey method and content analysis tool for a sample of 723 topics. The study concluded that the main economic problem addressed by Libyan news sites was the issue of liquidity shortage, followed by low salaries, and the depreciation of the local currency ranked second. All the reported stories addressed the reasons behind the problem with solutions and focused on how to implement the solutions rather than praising them in the news stories presented in this field

Representations of digital violence against women in cartoons on digital platforms "An analytical study of the Tomato Cartoon page on Facebook and Instagram from November 30, 2018 to December 2, 2024

2025-08-18T16:38:12+00:00

The primary objective of the study is a semiotic analysis of representations of digital violence against women in cartoons published on Facebook and Instagram. This study is a descriptive study that relies on content analysis to understand representations of digital violence against women within digital cartoons. The study population consisted of cartoons published on the Tomato Cartoon page, the Arab cartoon platform, on Facebook and Instagram during the period from November 30, 2018 to December 2, 2024. These cartoons addressed topics related to digital violence against women. Cartoons were used as the primary unit of analysis, and a semiotic analysis card was designed in light of Roland Barthes' theory. The researcher relied on a deliberate sample consisting of approximately (23) cartoons collected from the Tomato Cartoon account on Facebook and Instagram. The study men appeared in all cartoons as a direct or indirect source of violence. Moreover, they were depicted as executioners, oppressors, controllers, or indifferent spectators. The drawings used rich visual symbols such as the gallows, knife, electric chair, closed curtain, rope, severed head, and shackles. These symbols suggest dimensions of death, oppression, siege, and symbolic death. The study recommends organizing campaigns to raise awareness in the society about violence against women and children and ways to address these issues

The Effectiveness of Media Literacy in Confronting Hatred Speech in Libyan Society; A Field Study on a Sample of Facebook Users in Libya

2025-08-18T16:39:11+00:00

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of media literacy in countering hatred speech within Libyan society. The study follows a descriptive research design employing the media survey method as the primary framework for data collection and analysis. An electronic questionnaire was utilized as the main tool to gather data from a randomly selected sample of 150 users representing diverse social and educational backgrounds. The study’s findings revealed that the majority of respondents expressed a strong belief in the significant role of media literacy in spreading the hatred speech, particularly on Facebook. Furthermore, more than half of the participants reported having only partial knowledge of the concept of media literacy. Additionally, participants emphasized that one of the most effective approaches to limiting the proliferation of hate speech is the implementation of laws and regulations that criminalize all forms of hatred speech across media platforms.

Monetary reforms in the Carolingian era: Historical study (754-1173)

2025-08-18T16:40:44+00:00

This study looks at monetary reforms in the Carolingian era in terms of the rulers’ interest in coinage, the choice of mints, and the most important reforms that occurred in previous currencies and the cancellation of some of them particularly what happened in the era of Charlemagne and his son Louis the Pious. The study also looks at the changes in the currency in terms of the metal used and the quality and purity of the currency. The study also aims to study the impact of money on the commercial aspect, and to determine the eras to which its minting dates back. It also describes the fluctuations that occurred in its value, and counterfeiting was one of the factors affecting it. Many rulers issued strict decrees to address these problems, with penalties ranging from imprisonment, amputation of the hand, and payment of fines.

The Social Status in Mecca in the 11th AH Century from Yemeni Sources

2025-08-18T16:42:47+00:00

Yemeni historical sources have addressed the social situation in Mecca in the from 11th AH Century from various aspects, opening the door for comprehensive studies. These sources have discussed diseases that affected the residents of Mecca, as well as the demographic composition of Mecca and its internal and external factors. They have also explored some of the administrative corruption, customs and traditions prevalent in Meccan society in various aspects. All of this and more can be found in Yemeni sources that have been buried under dust and neglect, highlighting the need for attention and rehabilitation. This, in turn, would provide an opportunity to document the history of Mecca and other countries in most fields across different time periods.

The other side of economic geography

2025-08-18T16:45:15+00:00

Unlike most local geographical studies, this theoretical and critical paper seeks to stir debate about the concepts and scientific content of economic geography. It aims to be the first attempt according to the author's knowledge that offers an analytical view of the intellectual shortcomings in the field of economic geography, particularly its lack of responsiveness to the principle of sustainability in contemporary developmental thought. The main goal of this paper is to highlight the neglect of the intellectual perspective of economic geography, which is reflected in its methodological concepts and research approaches, and its disregard for the environmental consequences of exploiting economic resources outside the framework of modern developmental philosophy. This refers specifically to the rationality of economic development advocated by sustainability proponents, who call for integrating environmental considerations into development across various domains. Through a critical content analysis approach, the paper reveals that geographical thought in the field of economic geography lacks an understanding of the tradition of sustainable development and its use as a methodology in studies and research. Furthermore, the approaches and methodologies commonly hailed by economic geography researchers have indirectly contributed to environ- mental degradation, affecting natural systems and populations through emissions from industrial economic activities in particular

Evaluation of the efficiency of agricultural land use in the north of Kirkuk governorate according to the NDVI model and environmental indicators

2025-08-18T16:46:35+00:00

This study aims to assess the efficiency of agricultural land use in the north of Kirkuk governorate based on the natural vegetation difference index (NDVI) and a set of accompanying environmental indicators, such as soil type, slope, altitude above sea level, and climate. The study area covers an estimated area of 3,282 km2, and includes various administrative units, namely al-Dibs, Al-ton bridge, sirkran, Shawan, and Qarah hangir, which represent different geomorphological and topographic environments. The results of the NDVI analysis showed a clear discrepancy in the density of vegetation, where the highest concentration was recorded in the areas of molasses and sarkran, due to the availability of Steppe soils (Xk26-2/3a and yy10-2ab) and moderate slope, while the lowest values appeared in Qarah hangir due to the rugged terrain and its extreme altitude (660–1200m). The study also revealed a direct relationship between vegetation cover and the efficiency of land use for wheat cultivation, as high NDVI values were associated with the height of cultivated areas, especially in molasses and Walton Bridge. On the other hand, the soil analysis showed that type Xk28-b is the most suitable for agriculture, covering more than 40% of the area. While the soils Yy10-2ab and VC1-3a represent an agricultural challenge due to poor drainage or their mountainous nature. Climatic factors, especially the distribution of precipitation and temperatures, also contributed to determining the ideal period for planting between November and April. The study found that the integration of NDVI data with environmental characteristics provides accurate insight to guide plans for the optimal use of agricultural land, and enhances the opportunities for sustainable agricultural reclamation in the region, especially if agriculture is adapted to the nature of the soil, terrain and climate.

The spatial reality of olive tree cultivation in Sabratha area and the development of its dynamics during the period from 1990 to 2021

2025-08-18T16:48:25+00:00

The study addressed the spatial reality of the areas planted with olive trees in Sabratha area due to the revenues they achieve to the local economy which is a basic goal for development, or achieving self-sufficiency. The study aims to determine the area planted with olive trees, and to show the factors affecting it from 1990 to 2021, then analyze the trend of change in these areas using remote sensing and geographic information systems techniques by analyzing the values of the NDVI vegetation index, through which the change in these areas and their proportions can be studied over a different period of time. The data were obtained from satellite images of the Landsat TM satellite with a spatial accuracy of up to 60 meters for the year 1990, and 30 meters for the years 2000, 2010 and 2021. The study employed the historical approach by tracking the temporal change that occurred in agricultural areas, in addition to the descriptive analytical approach to analyze digital maps to clarify the geographical distribution of this phenomenon and highlight the most important factors that led to the increase, decrease and recession of these areas. The study’s findings revealed that the area of land planted with olive trees witnessed a decrease of about 5% of the total area, while the percentage of barren lands in the southern parts increased to reach 91% of the total area. The study recommends supporting the agricultural sector to expand the cultivation of olive trees using modern methods.

An Analytical Assessment of Urban Land Use in Umm Al Rizam, Libya Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

2025-08-18T16:50:03+00:00

This study aims to evaluate land use in the town of Umm Al Rizam, which does not differ significantly from other Libyan towns in terms of the diversity of land uses distributed across its inhabited area. These uses are divided into primary categories such as residential, commercial, and industrial, as well as secondary ones including administrative and educational uses, in addition to transportation-related uses. Collectively, these elements form the internal structure of the town. The research sought to assess the pattern of land use in the area. The study reached several findings as a result of spatial analysis. It was found that the area of developed land amounts to approximately 227.6 hectares, representing 47.6% of the total area, while vacant land constitutes 46.3%, covering about 221.1 hectares. Among the key recommendations of the study is the need to improve the town’s infrastructure, particularly through paving roads, as most neighborhoods lack paved road networks and basic services with the exception of the Central District and Al-Shaabiyah neighborhood

SWOT Analysis of Tourism Investment Opportunities at Ain Ziana Lake in Benghazi City, Eastern Libya

2025-08-18T16:52:27+00:00

Ain Zian Lake , also known as the "Blue Hole", is one of the important natural lakes in the north of Benghazi city. It is located in a specific geographical area characterized by natural tourist attractions such as the surrounding landscapes and diverse vegetation. This environmental diversity makes it an attractive site for tourism and recreation. The study addresses the investment opportunities for the tourism potential of Lake Ain Ziana. Despite the distinguished geographical location of the lake and its natural tourist assets, the tourism investment is still not optimally utilized. Therefore, there is a need to study and analyze the opportunities and challenges that hinder this investment, and propose strategies to develop this type of tourism.The study collected data through the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) as well as through remote sensing techniques (RS) to analyze some spectral indicators, and NDWI, to understand the differences in vegetation cover density around the lake and the indicator of differences in natural water bodies. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques were used to for mapping and to analyze the maps.The expected results of this study are to reveal the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with tourism investment, and provide recommendations for developing investment opportunities in the study area

An Analysis of Vegetation Cover Degradation as an Indicator of Desertification in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar Region

2025-08-18T16:53:34+00:00

This study aimed to analyze the climate classification of the Jabal Akhdar region in Libya and monitor vegetation density deterioration as a desertification indicator across three models: Köppen, Emberger, and Thornthwaite. Remote sensing data from Landsat 5 and Sentinel-2B (2000-2024) were processed using GIS tools. The findings indicated that Emberger’s classification best represented the region, dividing it into four climatic zones. Dense vegetation declined by 78.58%, while very sparse vegetation expanded by 46.56%. In the humid zone (Köppen), dense vegetation decreased by 79.59%, whereas the very sparse vegetation surged by 803.7%. In the semi-humid zone, dense vegetation diminished by approximately 81% (Emberger and Thornthwaite). Desert and arid zones showed the most significant shift toward very sparse vegetation in all three models. The study recommended enhancing environmental monitoring via remote sensing, promoting sustainable agriculture, implementing reforestation programs, and enforcing policies for the conservation of natural resources

Diagnosing Essay Writing Errors: Causes and Student-Perceived Efficacy to Error Analysis Techniques in Enhancing Their Essay Writing Skills

2025-08-18T16:59:29+00:00

As essay writing skills are considered important in the academic setting, enhancing them by using appropriate techniques is crucial. This study aims to explore the types of errors made by undergraduates when writing academic essays and to identify the causes of these errors using error analysis techniques. The study also aims to investigate the effectiveness of using these techniques on improving students’ essay writing skills through their perceptions towards these techniques. To collect data, a mixed- methods approach was employed, combining a pre-test and post-test [Comment: Good use of comparative data. Consider discussing if the time span between tests might affect performance. Written essay tasks and assignments, and a questionnaire of two parts; the first is to identify the causes of errors, and the second is to investigate the effectiveness of error analysis techniques. The results obtained from this study indicated that organization, style, mechanics, and grammar were the most common error types committed by students. The results also presented that the students perceive a wide range of factors contributing to their writing errors, with vocabulary limitations being the most prominent. The consistently high ratings across all statements suggest that those students have a nuanced understanding of the various elements that influence their writing accuracy. Additionally, it was investigated that students perceived error analysis techniques as highly effective in improving their writing skills. The consistently high ratings across most aspects of writing suggest that these techniques were perceived as broadly beneficial to students' writing development.